Abstract: A famine is a widespread scarcity of food, caused by several factors including war, inflation, crop failure, population imbalance, or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. Since 2010, Africa has been the most affected continent in the world. In Egypt, developing the vast desert is the key of troubleshooting the food shortage issue due to population imbalance. Darb El-Arbeain area lies between long. 29o 00/ and 31o 00/ E and lat. 22o 00/ and 24o 30/ N. The current study area is the southern part where extends 200 km to the south of the central part and has 170 km2 in area. In this study a simulation to the aquifer response under different exploitation rates is carried out using (MODFLOW 2005). Under different pumping rates, the optimum exploitation rates are when pumping out 180 %, and 280 % of initial recharge, and the drawdown in the southern parts and eastern parts of the southern area of Darb El Arbeain is less than the rest of the area so we can drill more wells.

Dispensation of justice is a prerequisite for the uplift of any society. The concept of justice encompasses whole spheres of life that�s why the Islamic judicial system is also based on very strong footings. In judicial system, testimony plays a vital role to solve the criminal cases. The testimony might be acceptable or unacceptable, based on several terms and conditions. In this paper we are discussing the testimony of woman. This testimony has been discussed by the jurists in detail but with some contradictions. According to the majority of jurists, women testimony is acceptable only in Ta�ziraat, while it is not acceptable for the punishment of Hudood and Qisas. However, some of the jurists have a different opinion i.e. there is no restriction on woman�s testimony in any case. This paper deals with the issue in which different opinions of the jurists have been presented with their arguments.

Background: Mechanical stability of the knee joint is mainly the function of the joint ligament especially anterior cruciate ligament ACL. Complete failure of ACL removes the mechanoreceptors of the joint and affect joint’s proprioception. ACL reconstruction regain ligament continuity without proprioception which need special rehabilitation program. Virtual reality VR games has shown to be a challengeable, enjoyable, and effective rehabilitation tool.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of 8 weeks Wii fit exercise rehabilitation program on knee proprioception in young male adults after ACL reconstruction.
Design: randomized controlled trial.
Subjects: Thirty patients their mean age 25.47 ±3.5 years.
Methods: Patients were assigned randomly to study(A) and control(B) groups, control group received only regular exercise program according to the level of rehabilitation for 8 weeks, 3 sessions weekly, and study group received Wii fit exercise protocol for 8 weeks, 3 sessions weekly, 40 minutes session with regular exercise program as control group. Biodex isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure sense of position of the angles of knee joint before and after exercises in both groups.
Results: After treatment the mean difference errors between joint angles significantly improved in study group: 30⁰(2.8 ± 0.6), 45⁰(2.9 ± 0.7),and 60⁰(2.6 ± 0.6) in comparison with control group: 30⁰(5.4 ± 0.6), 45⁰(5.2 ± 0.7),and 60⁰(5.2 ± 0.9) which also significantly improved, with significant main effect between control and study groups in the tested leg (F1,28 = 4660.702, p < 0.001. ƞ2= .994).
Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the virtual reality games using Wii fit exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, 40 minutes per session used with regular exercise program of rehabilitation greatly improve the knee proprioception after ACL reconstruction.
Trial registration: Clinical trials, NCT03900351, Registered 1 April 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03900351

The processing of poultry droppings under anaerobic conditions, in special hermetic reactors - in metanteks is considered to be the most promising technology in terms of efficiency in agrochemical, environmental, and energy fields. Organic fertilizer in metantek is in the form of concentrated liquid, purified from disease causatives and weed seeds. It is easily absorbed by fermented plant mass and contains macro and micronutrients, amino acids and phytohormones that stimulate the development of the plant. The rare utilization of such facilities is explained by the lack of funds for their purchase. On the other hand, it is assumed that biogas is not a dominant factor in terms of economic efficiency, and organic fertilizer is also important. In this respect, the utilization of poultry droppings has also gained practical relevance.
The article covers the discussion of the feasibility of utilizing poultry droppings as a non-waste technology. The methodological approach is based on the evaluation of more rational technological projects. In logical modeling, the rules drawn up by highly qualified specialists are used. The rules determine how to act in a certain situation. Such rules are considered favorable for non-skilled performers. The results of the studies have allowed analyzing the dynamics of nitrogen preservation depending on the utilization technology of poultry droppings and impact factors. Data on nitrogen preservation are used to determine the efficiency criterion of the technology. The comparative evaluation of actual and estimated values of nitrogen preservation for specific poultry factories demonstrated the high adequacy of the developed model.

The instability of a uncompressible oscillating fluid cylinder with an axial magnetic field is discussed. The cylindrical column of fluid (the plasma) inside of which a uniform axial magnetic field is present , which outside there is a similar axial field together with a transverse Φ, field. The problem is formulated and the (MHD) basic equations are solved A general Eigen-value relation is derived studied analytically and results are confirmed numerically. The stability of a fluid cylinder under the action of self-gravitating , inertia, and electromagnetic forces is developed. The electromagnetic force has stabilizing and destabilizing influences in the ax symmetric modes. For very high intensity of magnetic field the model is completely stable for all values of wavelengths. This phenomenon is interest, academically and during the geological drilling in the crust of the earth as we have superposed gas-oil layer mixture fluids. The stability behavior of the model comes after destabilizing behavior of the model when it be reduced and suppressed.