Fixtures are widely used as work holding devices in virtually all manufacturing processes. A machining fixture is used to establish and maintain the required position and orientation of a workpiece in a machine tool so that cutting operations can be performed on the workpiece. Dimensional and form accuracy of a work piece are influenced by the fixture layout selected for the machining operation. The position of fixture elements is called as fixture layout. The fixture layout influences the work piece deformation during the machining process. Hence optimization of fixture layout to minimize the work piece deformation is one of the critical aspects in the fixture design process. In this paper the objective function is calculated using Finite Element Method (FEM). The fixture layout is first optimized by discrete fixture layout optimization method (DFLOM) for presently defined five different node systems. The optimal fixture layouts for the five node systems are ranked in the ascending order of the least workpiece deformation values, and finally fixture layout is optimized for the reduced range of distance calculated for each fixturing element using GA(Genetic Algorithm) based continuous fixture layout optimization method(CFLOM). Using the reduced range of distance obtained from CFLOM, as input to integrated fixture layout optimization method (IFLOM) scheme to obtain minimum and maximum coordinate values of each fixturing element corresponding to the first two layouts in the ranked optimal layouts. The harmonic analysis is carried out in this work and the dynamic response of the workpiece is simulated.

In this paper a mathematical model for the physical processes that occur during an infant radiant warmer has been investigated. The geometry of the baby is simplified to half circular cylinder of finite length. The system of partial differential equations which describe the conservation of mass, momentum and energy transfer has been solved by the help of modified variational iteration method (MVIM) with appropriate initial and boundary conditions. The distributions of the total heat transfer rate on an infant, fluid velocity and pressure are obtained as a function of physical parameters. The effects of the problem parameters on these solutions are discussed numerically and illustrated by a set of figures. Also we established the necessary conditions for stability of the set of obtained solutions, a comparison between the analytical results and computerized results obtained by using Fluent Ansys is also tabulated

In this work we present the design, simulation and control of a hexapod robot, using tools available in MatLab software. In addition, we design and implement a dynamic model (using the SimMechanics toolbox) as well as a three-dimensional model of the robot, using VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language), that help to visualize the robot\'s walking sequence. This 3-dimensional model is interconnected with the SimMechanics blocks using MatLab\'s virtual reality blocks. Apart from this, and following specific requirements, we design and implement a PID controller in order to obtain a pre-established displacement for the robot that, thanks to the developed computer simulations, proved to be satisfactory.

In this paper we will define and describe a novel approach for the development of context-driven Web Map solutions. We consider the approach described in this paper to be a significant step forward in terms of usability and modularity of contextual geospatial visualization environments. Our approach relies on an architecture we define and present in this paper as an enhancement of GIS application interoperability platforms. The enhancement is performed through introduction of a specific architectural layer which enables the development of context-driven Web Map solutions. A novel architectural layer we introduce consists of two central components: Web Map Context Service and Context Proposal Service. These services take advantage of existing GeoNis framework for interoperability of GIS applications and enable users get appropriately discovered, selected and visualized geospatial data depending on their context. The enhanced platform is capable of adapting to different users’ needs without changing its internal structure and improves the level Web Map solution usability.

Summary: Crack identification in structures is attractive for many researchers. However, most of the published works deal with the simple structures such as beam or plates. There are few papers devoted to study frame structures that could be mostly investigated only by using the conventional finite element method. The present article deals firstly with a development of the dynamic stiffness method for modeling framed structure damaged to multiple cracks represented by equivalent springs. Then, the dynamic stiffness model of cracked frame is implemented to the problem of crack identification from structural vibration characteristics in conjunction with the stationary wavelet transform. The theoretical development was illustrated and validated by numerical examples.

Objective: To investigate the implants in abdominal aorta using fresh autologous pericardium\nin the swine.\nMethods: Fresh autologous pericardium (n=8) was implanted into swine abdominal aorta.\nGlutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium (n=8) was also implanted as control. The\nimplanted patches were harvested at 3 and 6 months after the surgery, and analyzed with\nhistology analysis (hematoxylin and eosin staining and Trichrome-masson staining) and\nelectron microscopy (scanning electron microscopy [SEM] and transmission electron\nmicroscopy [TEM]). The calcium level was determined by energy spectrum analysis of SEM.\nResults: At 3 and 6 months after the operation, the lengths of implanted fresh autologous\npericardium patches increased significantly compared with the length at the operation (P <\n0.05), while the lengths of implanted glutaraldehyde-fixed autologous pericardium did not\nchanged. Moreover, the calcium level in glutaraldehyde-fixed autologous pericardium was\nsignificantly higher than that in fresh autologous pericardium patches (P < 0.05).\nConclusion: Our data demonstrate that fresh autologous pericardium is suitable for implants\nin abdominal aorta in swine.

In this paper, we introduce a technique for decomposing the in-consistent linear algebraic system of the form , where the matrix . In our algorithm we use the concept of phase I of the simplex method since, we check whether the linear system is consistent or not. In case of inconsistency the algorithm will decompose it to a finite number of consistent linear systems of equations and introduce a solution of each system. An example is illustrated to clarify our algorithm.

In this paper, a three parameter weighted Lindley distribution (3-WLD) with location parameter is proposed. Various statistical properties of the 3-WLD such as density, moments and the associated measures, hazard function, mean (reversed) residual life, Lorenz and Bonferroni curves are derived and discussed. Estimation of the parameters using the maximum likelihood (MLE) and interval estimation via information matrix are investigated. Moreover, The MLE with censoring data is derived. Limiting distributions of order statistics and extreme values are discussed. Finally, a real life application to waiting time data is presented to test its goodness of fit and compared with the fit attained by some other well- known distributions. The application study illustrates the performance of the proposed distribution

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in an essential field in statistics, which is functional linear models. It has been the focus of various investigations that deserve special attention. Functional linear model is one of the developments of the classical linear model to allow functional independent and/or dependent variables. \n\n This paper is devoted to introducing a completely review of the types of the functional regression models which are; the functional independent variables model, the functional dependent variables and the functional dependent and independent variables. Also, all special cases are discussed. The concepts and methods for estimating and testing the functional parameters of these functional models are introduced. At the end of this paper, the relations among theses functional linear models and their special cases are investigated. Moreover, the relations to the classical linear models and multivariate linear models are discussed. In the light of this study, we summarize all these relations in a figure to be more noticeable.

The article accounts for the necessity of psychological research of understanding and experiencing the problems of modern terrorism. It also contains the results of the empirical research aimed at the collection of valid individual, psychological and personal differences in understanding and experiencing terrorist threats by common citizens.

This paper introduces an extended interpretation of evidence theory where it seems particularly important to be able to provide accurate assessments of the beliefs with which negative evidence occurs so as to guide rational choice of preventative decisions. In this work, the mathematical theory of Dempster-Shafer is developed allowing negative beliefs. The extended belief, plausibility and the probability mass functions are defined, giving axioms and deriving their general properties and theorems. Moreover, the definitions of extended ignorance, doubt, commonality functions and the combination between evidences are investigated

Pathogenic bacteria have been considered as the main reason for the spread of diseases and mortalities in humans. Because of its resistance to antibiotics, the pharmaceutical properties of the natural plant extracts as alternative antimicrobial agents become an interest. Here we evaluated the antibacterial properties of organic and aqueous extract of Acacia etbaica Schweinf., Acacia laeta R.Br., Acacia origena Asfaw and Acacia pycnantha Benth., against three isolated pathogenic bacteria by agar well diffusion methods. The bacterial strains were isolated from infected individuals, and their exact identification was determined based on 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequence determination. Alignment results and the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates to 16S rRNA gene sequences available in GenBank database as well as the phylogenetic analysis confirmed the accurate position of the isolates as Klebsiella oxytoca strain MFM-01, Staphylococcus aureus strain MFM-10 and Klebsiella pneumoniae strain AH-09. Chloroform, petroleum ether, methanol diethyl ether, and acetone extracts from Acacia species showed a varied antibacterial activity. The hot water extract showed lowest activity but cold-water extract showed no activity against tested microbes. Qualitative analyses of ethanol crude extracts of the four Acacia species by Gas Chromatogram-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that they possess a wide variety of chemical compounds. The analysis revealed the presence of eight components of pharmaceutical importance in the legume of Acacia etbaica, seven in the legume of Acacia laeta, fifteen in the legume of Acacia origena and nine in the leaves of Acacia pycnantha. A dendrogram was constructed based on chemical composition, found that Acacia laeta is more closely related to Acacia etbaica forming one clade, whereas Acacia origena had no resemblance with other species.

Modern industrial processes depend on the technology for automation, especially in robotics and control position. Electrical Machinery used for these purposes are varied, nevertheless, permanent magnet electric machines have better performance thanks to their high power density and low inertia. On the other hand, the most popular technique used in controlling position is the PWM drive. In this work the position control of a permanent magnet machine driven by a multi-level configuration, taking advantage of its benefits is presented. This article presents a first step of the total workforce, showing the state of the art and the overall structure of that work.

In this paper, a mathematical model of cylindrical nano-beam with constant elastic parameters with fractional order heat conduction will be constructed. Laplace transforms will be used to get the general solution for any consideration of boundary conditions. The solution will be obtained for a certain model when the beam is subjected to thermal load. Inversion of Laplace transforms will be obtained numerically, and the results will be presented graphically with some comparisons to study the impact of thermal load and the effect of the fractional order parameter on the speed of progress of mechanical and thermal waves through the beam.

The article deals with theoretical-methodical basis of idealogems which specifics affects the essence of a human personality. Its important theoretical foundation in implementation of the research was fundamental works on perspective of essence of the person. In this connection the authors relied first of all on systematization of concepts of essence of the person, stated in works of many scholars; the important source of the research was social-philosophical and special scientific works devoted to the analysis of specifics of transformation of consciousness of persons by means of handling management in conditions of \"information society\" being claimed in the modern world, etc. Research was carried out by the following main methods: \n- the method of the system analysis assuming studying developing subjects and processes as difficult (in a tendency self-organizing) systems. \n– the method of the comparative analysis finding the greatest productivity when studying features of understanding of manipulation and limits of its reality in management of consciousness of the personality. \n– the method of the complex, intersubjective mutually additional researches, especially effective when studying no systematized and poorly systematized information.

The net primary production (NPP) of grassland largely determines terrestrial carbon sinks and ecosystem service, and thus plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Comprehensive and sequential classification system of grasslands (CSCS) is a unique vegetation classification system (mainly for grassland) that is dependent on quantitive measurement indexes. In CSCS, differentiation between class groups is determined by an integrated index of >0oC annual cumulative temperature (Σθ) and moisture index (K). Based on the relationship of the quantitive classification of CSCS and grassland NPP，here we use an improved model of Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) ecosystem model to predict the grassland NPP and its spatial distribution in the Chinese land from 2004 to 2008. Our predictions well agree with the observations. The average annual NPP of grassland from 2004 to 2008 in China ranged from 428.9 to 527.5 g C m-2 yr-1. The NPP also shows significant spatio-temporal variation. From the trend of monthly variation, it can be drawn that the NPP accumulative period was mainly between April and October when the combination of water and thermal is in a good condition for grassland vegetation growth. The quantity of NPP in these seven months was 957.017 gC/m2, which was about 89.1% of the annual total. The mean annual NPP and the total annual NPP were different for different grassland classes. This suggests the importance of water and thermal in determining the grassland NPP (i.e. water and thermal are key limited factors for the grassland production), which is further confirmed by a clustering analysis. The results demonstrated that the grassland NPP and the classes/super-classes in CSCS achieve the optimum coupling.

The performance of two algorithms that allow a mobile robot to guide itself as it explores its surroundings is studied. For that purpose the performance of the Harmonic Potential Fields and A* algorithms is considered specifically. The algorithm that would offer the best service to a real mobile robot in its future implementation is selected based on the results. Initially, the robot would not know the environment in which it is found, and it would only get limited information on its surroundings by means of its sensors, which means that the robot must trace the route dynamically from the starting point of the motion to its goal. To evaluate the algorithms that were studied, critical surroundings generated by the possible structures that the robot could detect in an unknown environment are assumed. The critical surroundings are formed by U- and T-shaped structures. The evolution of the dynamic performance of these algorithms generates solutions that represent local minima between the robot and the point objective. The selection criterion of the best algorithm is based mainly on their ability to find the point objective in environments with strong local minima which must be solved by means of the studied algorithms, allowing the robot to avoid and/or get out of complex structures. Furthermore, the efficiency of the algorithms in the calculation process is analyzed and presented, i.e., the time taken by them to reach the point objective satisfactorily, considering that the shorter the time, the greater the selection weighting will be.

In this paper, Legendre spectral method is presented for solving the \nnon-linear fractional Logistic differential equation (FLDE). The\nfractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. The properties of the Legendre polynomials are used to reduce FLDE to the solution of non-linear system of algebraic equations using\nNewton iteration method. Moreover, the convergence analysis and an upper bound of the error of the derived formula are given. Numerical results are introduced to satisfy the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method.

In today’s context, many schools face the challenge of teachers’ retention, satisfaction and commitment to their teaching profession. Furthermore, resignation and mobility from the teaching profession, particularly from teachers who are teaching focus subjects, has been the main concern. It is in this regard that the study of this significance was conceptualised. This study aims at determining the teachers’ turnover intention, satisfaction and organisational commitment with regard to their teaching profession. The researcher conveniently selected teaching staff from different schools in the Free State province, from which participants were drawn. The participants were selected randomly; however, the sample was chosen in such a way that the majority of the teachers were in their current jobs for a period longer than five years. The data was obtained from the schools’ principals. The sample size was 140 and the response rate was 100 percent. Items in the questionnaire focused on turnover intention, job satisfaction and organisational commitment of the teaching staff. Closed circuit questions helped in eliciting specific information, the Likert scale, with a rating from one to five, was used. The respondents’ responses were then coded according to the emerging themes using confirmatory analysis factors and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 17 for Windows. The data were analysed using the Microsoft Excel program. Upon the analysis of the estimate of the correlation variables, there was significant correlation between the variables that serve to measure turnover intention, job satisfaction and organisational commitment convergent validity. Furthermore, respondents were not thinking of quitting the Department of Education and their profession (mean, 1.27, 1.99). Also, the moderate mean of 2.75 indicates that respondents were not sure of their future in the profession, although they were not in the market to search for a new employment, that remains a possibility to venture into. The results of the positive mean of 4.51 show that educators are enthusiastic about their job and they find real enjoyment in this profession. The overall mean (4.30) of job satisfaction demonstrates the high level of acceptance among the educators; they were happy with their jobs and planned to remain in their employment. The results of the positive mean of 4.75 show that educators feel positive about the schools where they are working, and are loyal towards the schools. The overall mean of organisational commitment demonstrates the high level of acceptance among the educators; they are committed to their schools.

This study aims to probe into learning effectiveness of students with different learning styles after Augmented Reality (AR) learning. It constructs an AR learning system and combines teaching materials of digital content upon the solar system knowledge in order to find if AR in astronomy learning will influence learners’ learning motivation and learning effectiveness, as well as field-independent and field-dependent learners’ reaction toward AR. In addition, it explores system usability satisfaction with AR astronomy learning system. The subjects were 31 first-year students in a senior high school affiliated junior high school in Tainan City. Based on the results of quasi-experiment and questionnaire survey, this study designed an AR learning system. Pretest, posttest, system usability scale, questionnaire survey on motivated strategies for learning, and embedded figures test were conducted. The results were analyzed and discussed by quantitative method. \nAccording to experiment result, AR can enhance students’ learning effectiveness. In comparison to traditional learning, AR has the effect of enhancement. However, in this study, AR does not significantly enhance students’ learning motivation. Students are mostly positive about system usability, but are not confident in operation. According to analytical result of cognitive style and learning effectiveness, field-independent students have higher learning effectiveness than field-dependent students.

In terms of globalization and liberalization of the world market, for national central banks is very difficult to design optimal monetary policy, which would lead to the stabilization of the value of the domestic currency and, at the same time, encourage economic activity of their country. The success of the monetary policy of a country is not only affected by the ability of its monetary authorities, but also the countryʼs position in the global economic market. Therefore, some monetary policy strategies, which proved to be very successful in some countries , in other countries are inapplicable . The aim of this paper is to analyze the applicability of the concept of the exchange rate targeting as a monetary strategy in market and transition economies. We will study the experience of some countries in the implementation of this concept , in order to obtain its advantages and disadvantages, as well as the possibility of its application in the monetary policy of the National Bank of Serbia .

Abstract\nThis study has been carried out with the aim to determine the effect of Aqua-alcoholic edible extract of Spearmint on the rate of anxiety of patients. This is a clinical trial research carried out on 90 patients with anxiety. The applied tool was Spilberger questionnaire and patients were divided into three groups as random allocated. Two groups as experimental groups who received daily doses of 100.0 and 200.0 mg of extract of aqua-alcoholic of Mentha Piperita respectively for a period of two months and one group received placebo. Patients evaluated before and reevaluated 2 months after treatment for rate of anxiety. Collected data were analyzed using one way analysis and x² test. The results of the research indicated that, the mean difference of data before and after intervention among placebo group in both situational as well as individualized anxiety was less than experimental group. In the other hand, the difference in the experimental group with the dose of 200.0 mg was more than the experimental group with the dose of 100.0 mg that means mint with 200 mg was better than 100 mg. The edible extract of Mentha Piperita as a complement could be effective in the reduction of situational as well as individualized anxiety.

The design and implementation of a Graphic User Interface (GUI) for the control and operation of a biped robot is presented. This GUI allows to establish communication between the user, the robot and an computer (controller) so that the robot can perform bipedal walking without the need to introduce commands that are not user friendly. The developed interface was created using the MatLab-Simulink software, and it presents important advantages compared to the la manual operation of a robot.

In this paper a model of a two-axis gimbal is revised. Its performance under external perturbations is presented for a PD controller, a fuzzy logic controller, and a model reference adaptive controller. A robotized gimbal system is implemented in which real and practical experiments are performed. The results are presented and its dynamic performance when exposed to external perturbations is analyzed and assessed.

Researcher seeks through the current study to attempt to investigate the culture of academic kindergarten teacher by standing on the knowledge and awareness of the content of the national standards for kindergarten, including in respect of indicators and practices. And try to visualize the proposal - the founder of the field study - the role of kindergarten teacher in kindergarten development work. In throughout answer the following question. What is the extent of awareness of kindergarten teachers for national standards for kindergarten?. Questionnaire was applied to a sample of (300) teacher;. Retrieve them (216) questionnaires. , Researcher arrived to the important results: The female teachers and the educational climate response to a high extent. Which means that the kindergartens with regard to its effectiveness code more efficient, which may be due to that seen in the educational care in the Kingdom of motionless valuable qualitative regard to the continued development and the ensuing operations overall quality.

The combination of NFC with mobile connectivity could achieve many benefits and push innovation in the transport field. Ticketing systems provide travel card for a fixed duration which is usable more than one travel, literature abounds papers talking about the ticketing area but none of them address the expiry of the validity of travel cards for the final travel; because some passengers access with valid travel cards which become invalid during the last travel without their knowledge, making them in illegal situation. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes, in addition to emulating principally the travel card on NFC mobile phone, a callback mechanism in order to make utilization of M-Card a pleasurable experience for passengers. We started from uml2 to describe the architecture and design system. A system prototype under Android is achieved for transportation ticket implementing its main processes.

In this paper, we introduce an analytical method, namely homotopy analysis transform method (HATM) which is a combination of homotopy analysis method (HAM) and Laplace transform. The fractional derivatives in the sense of caputo. The methods introduce a promising tool for solving many time and space fractional partial differential equations. A good agreement between the obtained solutions and some well-known results has been demonstrated. It is shown that the proposed method robust, efficient, and easy to implement for linear and nonlinear problems arising in science and engineering. The results obtained by the proposed technique show that the approach is easy to implement and computationally very attractive. Also, numerical results coupled with graphical representation explicitly reveal the complete reliability of the proposed algorithm.

Plants respond to stress in part by modulating gene expression either constitutively or in inducible manner which ultimately leads to the restoration of cellular homeostasis, detoxification of toxins and recovery of growth. Differential display (DD)-PCR offers a rapid and multiple comparisons for this alteration in gene expression upon durations and intensities of salt stress. Nigella sativa acclaimed with many medicinal properties in traditional medicine was selected to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms in response to salt stress. 120 mM NaCl salt stress was induced at different time intervals ranging from 4, 6 and 12 hpi (hour post induction). RNA was subjected to cDNA synthesis followed by PCR using different sets of anchored primers and arbitrary primers (HA25-HA32). The expression was visualized after silver staining on urea-PAGE. 14 transcripts showed up regulation in N. sativa respectively. Sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of the transcripts showed significant homology with domains related to cellular metabolism, signal transduction and disease resistance. Such genes could be a natural source for potential salt resistance crops development.

Background:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is principally a disease of middleand old age. In previous studies, we have reported combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets for its strong in vitro, in vivo antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic and age related anti-cataractogenic potential. Objective:The present study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of single combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (nutritional food supplement) against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury in Wistar rats. Methods:Hepatoprotective activity ofcombined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets doses ranged from 40 to 160 mg/kg was evaluated in carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxic rats. Results:Oral administration of combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets for 7 days resulted in a significantreduction in serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin and direct (conjugated) bilirubin levels when compared with CCl4intoxicatedcontrol rats (p <0.001). Profound fatty degeneration, fibrosis, and necrosis observed inthe hepatic architecture of CCl4 intoxicated control animals were found to acquire near-normalcy in the animals treated with combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets. Conclusions:Our study opens the perspective to clinical studies which could improve the clinical outcome of elderly patients prone to hepatic impairment either due to age or other concomitant drugs therapy, a novel view likely to give rise to the performance of clinical trials devised to demonstrate the validity of this paradigm as nutritional food supplement.

This paper analyses the process of convergence across the regions of Iran using spatial econometrics tools in addition to the traditional β-convergence techniques as derived from the neoclassical theoretical setting. In order to do so, a sample of 28 Iranian provinces is considered for the 2001-2011 period.\nAccordingly, under this situation, σ convergence and β convergence (including absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence) were tested over this period as well as investigate the spatial dimensions of GVA dynamics. So, the spatial analysis including the spatial error model (SEM) and the spatial autoregressive lag model (SAR) were also taken into consideration in the β convergence analysis.\nThe evidence shows: (a) that real per capita GVA in Iran provinces have converged, (b) government policies seem to affect the regional growth of real per capita GVA’s positively. (c) Furthermore, variables such as the number of employees in agricultural sector, the development funds, banking facilities for agricultural sector and Taxes Receivable are found to have an positive and statistically significant impact on growth, (d) Also the results indicate that the spatial effects are, in fact, relevant(The test for spatial dependence were confirmed this).

Abstract\nIntroduction and Objectives: the Experimental labor is painful for most Women and one of the Ways to reduce labor, Reduce the Duration of labor. This purpose is used of drugs. That some of their effects has not been studied. This study investigated the effects of hyoscine and promethazine on different stages of labor in primiparous women in 2012 was admitted to hospital 6 to 25 percent Ardabil.\nMethod and Materials: This study was blind clinical trial on 100 primiparous women who had labor pain and were admitted in labor in Alavi hospital in 2012. Who were easy method and divided into two groups .the case group infused 20 mg Hyoscine with promethazine in the onset of active phase of labor and in the control group 2cc, normal saline was injected interamuscle. Then, progression in dilatation and effacement, time of active labor, time of 2nd and 3rd stage of labor, infant APGAR score of the 5th minute were registered. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and analytical statistics as t-test.\n Results: Results showed that the average delivery active phase of labor has been in group 150/60 and the control group 234/91 minutes. The T-test statistical showed significant differences between the two groups.( p< 0/05) During the second stage, the delivery and neonatal apgar score was not significantly different in the two groups. The T test was performed to compare two groups of cervical dilatation and effacement the two groups cases and controls showed significant differences between them( p< 0/05). the station saw the two groups there was no significant difference.\nConclusion: The combined injection of hyoscine and promethazine are effective in reducing the duration of active phase of labor and advanced cervical dilatation and effacement during labor is recommended to use them.\nKeyword: Promethazine, Hyoscine, labor Progress

The dramatic increase in the usage of short message service (SMS) technology has led service providers to seek for solutions that enable users of mobile devices to access services through SMS. This has resulted in the proposal of solutions towards SMS-based service invocation in service oriented environments. However, the dynamic nature of service-oriented environments coupled with sudden load peaks generated by service requests, pose performance challenges to infrastructures for supporting SMS-based service invocation. To address this problem, we proposed Client-aware Least Loaded Framework (CaLLF) which is a client-aware load balancing approach for SMS invocation of services environment. The proposed CaLLF builds upon existing load balancing techniques to handle unexpected load traffic and request prioritization techniques to handle service client requests according to their class of importance. In addition, we observed that service-oriented environments deliver services to different service clients (which are either premium or regular clients) requiring different service qualities which enforces guarantees. We designed CaLLF to take care of this requirement. The evaluation of CaLLF for scalability showed it can cope with traffic while providing better performance compare to Round Robin (RR) scheme; although with a trade-off of higher computational power requirement. CaLLF achieved better result with cost computationally resources. We also evaluated CaLLF for utility and we observed that CaLLF can provide better utility for premium client compared to non-client-aware Least Loaded (LL) load balancing approach but this was achieved with trade-off on regular clients’ utility.