Given its importance, the problem of data fusion in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks has attracted great attention in the literature. However the existing data fusion does not take into account the cooperative redundancy of audio data. In order to improve energy efficiency and extend network lifetime, the paper presents an integrated audio data fusion framework, which combines wavelet transform with seamless audio-editing techniques, for cooperative data fusion. The basic idea is to select audio data from a sensor node as the template and transform the appearance of the given audio data toward the selected audio data. Our fusion approach decomposes audio data into mulitple parts. For the different parts, we utilize a graph-matching algorithm to obtain the most appropriate template and transform the shape information of the graph with the obtained template, while for the given audio data, we compare them with the templates and transmit the mismatch parts. Through theoretical justifications and empirical studies, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves substantially superior performances over conventional methods in terms of energy efficiency and data transmission under the resource-constrained wireless multimedia sensor networks.

Experimental studies on cisplatin ototoxicity have been performed in Cis-treated rats, guinea pigs, mice, and gerbils in vivo. Several studies reported that the hair cells of mice are damaged by cisplatin in vivo. However, the hair cell damage pattern in mice resulting from application of different cisplatin concentrations in vitro has not yet been investigated. In the present study, forty-seven cochleae harvested from 2- to 4-day-old C57 mice were used. Forty specimens were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin (10, 25, 50, 100, 400, and 1000 μmol/L) for 48 h. The remaining seven specimens were used as a control group. In the results, the rate of hair cell loss increased from 14.5 to 78.4% over cisplatin concentrations of 10 to 100 μmol/L, whereas hair cell loss decreased to 48.8 and 8.77% at concentrations of 400 and 1000 μmol/L, respectively. Apoptosis was detected by DAPI staining in the areas of hair cell damage. Hair cell loss rates differed significantly among the cisplatin-treated groups. Linear regression analysis of cisplatin dose versus hair cell number showed a significant negative correlation for cisplatin doses up to 100 μmol/L, and a positive correlation with further increases up to 1000 μmol/L. We conclude that cisplatin-induced hair cell damage was concentration-dependent only up to a certain dose and that injury resistance may occur in cochlear cells treated with higher doses of cisplatin.

It is believed that listening to music can have a positive influence on stress reduction prior to medical procedures. The purpose of this study was to assess music preferences among the dental patients in Budapest.\nThe research involved examination of 104 patients with the use of an anonymous survey which consisted of 8 questions concerning: age, sex, subjective evaluation of anxiety prior to dental treatment and overall evaluation of music significance. Afterward, the participants were asked to select a type of music they are most likely to listen during dental treatment and to specify if they would choose headphones or not. The questionnaire was drawn up in two language versions: Hungarian and English.\nThe choices made by women and men were not significantly different. Women chose classical music, pop music and the sounds of nature as the most likely to listen while being treated by a dentist. Men’s answers were more differentiated: similar number of male responders indicated classical music, pop music, the newest hits, rock music, hip hop and soundtracks. Comparable number of men and women would prefer silence during the dental appointment. All the respondents, regardless of their gender, declared they would prefer to listen to music from the speakers.\nThe appropriate selection of music and the way of listening to it may significantly contribute to patient-friendly atmosphere at the dentist surgery. Patients whose anxiety is reduced with the application of audio analgesia may return to a given office more eagerly and their treatment might be more effective.

In this paper, we propose a distributionally robust formulation for a (0-1) two-stage stochastic\nquadratic model. The distributionally model is intended to minimize the total worst case power\nconsumption of an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) network subject to user\nbit rates, sub-carrier and modulation linear constraints. This is accomplished while taking into account\nthe set of all possible distributions in the input power random matrices. We also derive\nstatic robust versions of the problem to compute upper bounds for both, the initial and distributionally\ntwo-stage stochastic quadratic problems. Since all the models we present are combinatorial\nNP-Hard problems, we propose semidefinite relaxations (SDP) to compute tight lower bounds for\nthem. Numerical results show that the distributionally model is slightly conservative and that the\nstatic models provide tight upper bounds. Moreover, we also obtain tight lower bounds with the\nSDP relaxations in most cases.

Abstract: In this study we investigated cytokine induced killer (CIK) cells induced cell death in HepG2 cells and characterize the molecular events involved. Methods: The study was initially to extract peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from patients with liver tumor, and then induced CIK cells by cytokines such as γ-interferon. HepG2 cells were co-cultured with CIK cells for different rate, with or without N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC 5μM). The cell viability was detected by WST-8 dye, and the fluorescent intensity of ROS was determined by flow cytometry. Apoptosis of HepG2 cells were measured by flow cytometry and the nucleus DAPI staining. Caspase-8, -9 activity was measured using assay kits. Results: Compared with the control group, proliferation of HepG2 cells was decreased and the level of ROS was increased after HepG2 cells were treated with CIK cells. Activation of caspase-8, -9 was stimulated by CIK cells. However, when HepG2 cells were pretreated with NAC (5μM), ROS was effectively inhibited. Moreover, NAC attenuated caspase-8, -9 activation. Subsequently HepG2 cells apoptosis induced by CIK cells were reduced. Conclusion: ROS may play a critical role in HepG2 cells apoptosis induced by CIK.

The incidence of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) in larvae of Oryctes agamemnon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) infecting date palm orchards in Al-madinah Almunwarah region of Saudi Arabia, was studied for 2 successive years starting from march, 2012 to February 2014. The highest infection of larvae reached 7.2% in August, whereas, the lowest one was recorded in February (0.5%). During the first year, there were no larval mortalities recorded in both December and January,while it recorded 0.8 and 1.1% during same months in the second year. Histopathological studies revealed that larvae of Oryctes appeared susceptible to the infection, green muscardine, incited by Metarrhizium anisopliae. The first symptoms of disease were observed in oryctes larvae about 6 to 7 days, after infection. The fungus most commonly penetrated the larvae directly through the intersegmental areas of body wall. No penetration via the alimentary canal was recorded. Prior to the death of the larva, the fungus developed sparsely within the body cavity. Some hyphae radiated inward from the point of ingress. Hyphal bodies were concentrated near the point of ingress, but a few were found remote from this site. Only the hypodermis in the vicinity of penetration showed signs of histolysis. After the death of the larva, the fungus developed the saprophytic phase rapidly. The fungus was also found to invade all internal organs and tissues such as fat bodies; digestive system, nervous system; muscles; tracheae and Malpighian tubules and hypodermis. During the saprophytic phase, the emergence of conidiophores appeared unrestricted in its points of emergence from the host, and seemed to rupture the cuticle by mechanical pressure on egress. The sporulation was realized 24 h after emergence. Accordingly, it was concluded that the pathological changes in the haemolymph and toxin production could be the main causes of the death of the Oryctes larvae.

Tourism is crucial to industrial development in numerous countries. In addition, tourist hotels are critical in the tourism industry in that they provide high-quality performance in the service industry. However, service innovations for tourist hotels have focused on service design, which involves planning and designing service operation management based on the characteristics and operational objectives of the tourist hotel. Therefore, systematic processes or methods must be integrated with the design process for implementing service in product design to achieve service innovation. Consequently, the objectives of this study were to (a) analyse the development approaches and procedures used in service innovation to establish a design service conceptualisation model (DSCM) suitable for tourist hotels; (b) implement the service innovation model and describe the implementation process by using the DSCM and the digital signage information system (DSIS) of a tourist hotel as an actual example; and subsequently, (c) analyse the differences in the acceptance level of DSIS users and evaluate the effects of the DSCM by employing the technology acceptance model (TAM). \nThe Delphi method was employed to collect expert opinions, which were then used to establish the DSCM and questionnaire content. After the novel DSIS model was established, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect and analyse the data. Overall, 232 valid questionnaires were obtained. The results indicated the following: (a) the participants felt that the novel service was convenient and travellers who did not use this service had a high expectation level for the novel service model; (b) regarding user experience, the participants positively perceived the ease of use and usefulness of the novel service and exhibited positive attitudes towards using the service. This indicated that the novel service model increased the overall service quality of the tourist hotel; and (c) the result regarding participants’ acceptance towards the novel service was consistent with that of the TAM, indicating that participants’ attitudes when receiving services corresponded to that of the TAM theory. Therefore, DSCM can be used as a tool for implementing service innovation and the results of this research can provide tourist hotel operators with references for establishing, implementing, and evaluating service technology systems.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest tumors and current treatments for the disease are often ineffective. The discovery of the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in hepatocarcinogenesis represents an important area of investigation for the development of basic research and its clinical applications. These molecules may act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors by directly or indirectly controlling the expression of key proteins involved in cancer-associated pathways. MiRNAs play an important role in cell differentiation, apoptosis, invasion and metastatic processes in HCC. MiRNA expression profiling is closely related to histological type, degree of malignancy, stage, grade and other clinical and pathological features. MiRNAs cannot only be used for HCC diagnosis and individualized treatment, but also as effective prognostic tools. Anti-miRNA oligonucleotides and miRNA mimics have been found to have antitumor activity. Further exploration of these areas is expected in the coming years to assess the clinical value of miRNA-based approaches in HCC therapy.

The present review describes about the recent developments in the determination of lead with various analytical techniques, such as voltammeter, atomic absorption spectrometer, spectrophotometer, and fluorescence spectrometer reported all over the world since 2012. We reviewed over one hundred research papers published in reputed international journals during this period.

This research aims to determine the relationship between teachers\' work-life balance and job satisfaction levels and to develop recommendations pursuant to the data obtained. The research was designed in a relational screening model. Research data was collected using the \"Job satisfaction scale\" developed by Hackman & Oldham and the \"Work-life balance scale\" developed by Netemeyer et al (1996). The study sample consisted of 363 teachers. “SPSS for Windows” software package was employed to analyze data, and statistical procedures, such as significance tests, standard deviation, one-way analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were performed. Research findings showed that teachers\' job satisfaction levels are at a \"medium\" level, while their work-life balance is at a \"low\" level. No significant differences were found between teachers\' work-life balance and job satisfaction levels by gender, branch, type of school and seniority. However, as a result of the multiple regression analysis, it was determined that there is a \"low\" level of correlation between teachers\' work-life balance and job satisfaction levels.

As an aim to determine how the Dissolved Gas Analysis Tool using various computational techniques have developed in the Power Transformer Fault Diagnosis during the past decades this work is planned to review varied artificial intelligent techniques and their applications and development in the field of Fault Diagnosis of Power Apparatus that are immersed in mineral oil, through a survey of literature and the classification of articles, journals and proceedings of conferences from 2000 to 2013. Indices from Keywords and abstracts of published works were used to identify 243 articles concerning Artificial Intelligence applications on Dissolved Gas Analysis Tool, from 61 academic journals and a few conference proceedings. This paper surveys and classifies computational neural techniques applied to DGA Tool for the fault diagnosis in Power Transformers and a few other Power Apparatus like Tap Changers, Bushings etc., on the basis of the following three areas: Knowledge types, Methodology Types along with their applications in different regions of the world. This work as is going to be continued with other intelligent techniques like Neuro fuzzy, Support Vector Machine, Artificial Clusters and Classifiers, Rough Sets and Wavelets this survey is Part I of our work. A final suggestion deals with the direction for further developments suggesting Data Mining Techniques that can be used for data refining.

Metaheuristics often take inspiration from natural systems such as simulated annealing in physics, ant colony algorithms in ethology, or genetic algorithms in biology.\nIn this work, we will focus on genetic algorithms and their usefulness in the field of cryptography. We will exhibit an enhanced version of our previously published system that combines the symmetrical encryption system SEC and the break-down process. A special feature of this version is that uses the binary encoding of the plaintext’s characters which allows to add another advantage to our initial version that is an efficient scrambling of text to be encrypted in order to hide all plaintext\'s characters. Moreover, through this combination we have increase the disturbance of the different plaintext binary blocks; as a result, random appearance frequencies are obtained.\nDifferent experiences are applied to our system to show the practical results and prove its robustness and resistance against any attack by frequency analysis.\nAt the end of this paper, we will compare our system to the most popular symmetrical cryptographic system TripleDES.

Nine flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids were frist isolated from Ampelopsis megalophylla Diels et.Gilg, together with one known flavonoid. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses. By anti-HBV assay on the HepG2.2.15 cell line in vitro, results suggested monomeric compounds, ampelopsin and myricetin, possessed remarkable inhibitory HBV activity, against the secretion of HBeAg with IC50 of 15.4μg/ml and 12.2μg/ml, their Selectivity Index (SI) are 12.2 and 20.5, respectively. Hence, ampelopsin and myricetin may be provide promising therapeutic interventions against chronic HBV infections in the future.

This study aimed to reduce infection and induce resistance of Taify table grape (Vitis vinefra L.) against black Aspergilli, causing post-harvest black rot. Aspergillus niger BAVSH1, A. parasiticus BAVSH4 and A. tubingensis BAVSH5, previously identified and isolated from contaminated Taify table grape fruits were used to challenge in this study. The epiphytic and antagonistic Pseudomonas aeruginosa EBVHSH17, Bacillus vallismortis EBHVSH28 and B. amyloliquefaciens EBHVSH29, previously identified and isolated from the same grape were used to reduce infection and induce resistance of grape fruits against black Aspergilli. The capability of living cells and crude cell extracts of the antagonistic bacteria to reduce black Aspergillus rot disease progress and induce resistance in wounded or intact grape fruits at 5 and 20oC were demonstrated. Higher reduction of disease progress and inductions of disease resistance were recorded in bacteria-treated fruits compared to non treated controls. The effects were more pronounced at 20oC then at 5oC. Flooding intact grape fruits with living cells and crude cell extracts of the antagonistic bacteria inhibited rot incidence to 100%, of those in the black fungi-inoculated controls. Flooding treatments strongly enhanced comparable peroxidase enzyme, lipid peroxidation and total phenols that helped better reduction of disease progress and induced disease resistance, compared to those wounded and treated by living bacteria and non treated controls.

The fungal elicitors derived from Penicillium cell wall were used to induce callus from Broccoli, we studied the synthesis and release law of endogenous nitric oxide, activity of Phenylalanine ammonia, changes of cell viability, the synthesis ways of Nitric Oxide (NO) from Nitric Oxide Synthase(NOS)and Nitrate Reductase (NR), the relationship between synthesis inhibitors of NOS and NR ways, and the response of accumulation of secondary metabolite sulforaphane to fungal elicitor and NO synthesis inhibitors. The results showed that all the concentrations of penicillium elicitor can induce the synthesis of NO, and the synthesis reaction time was earlier under high concentrations treatment, while NO burst was gradual under the stress of low elicitor concentration. Both of NG-Nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) and Tungstate(inhibitors of NOS and NR) can inhibit the synthesis of NO which induced by the fungal elicitor. The Carboxy-PTIO (c-PTIO), quencher of NO, can block the effect of fungal elicitor on the promotion of sulforaphane accumulation, the activation of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) enzyme and decrease cell vitality induced by fungal elicitor. The release of NO induced by fungal mainly though NOS and NR pathways. The accumulation of sulforaphane was affected by the regulation law of NO synthesis, which was relative increased when the release pathway of endogenous NO was excited, and the accumulation was inhibited when NO synthesis was inhibited. This illustrated that the release of endogenous NO from broccoli is an effective technology to promote the accumulation of sulforaphane.

The study presents the results of a multi-variable research regarding the evaluation of variability of quantitative traits in two cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.) – ES Palazzo and ES Paroli of the “stay-green” type after using doses of nitrogen and magnesium. The study took into account 12 traits recorded for three years (2009-2011). The statistical analysis of obtained results was conducted using multi-dimensional methods. The analysis of canonical variables turned out to be a useful tool for a clear evaluation of variations in the influence of urea and magnesium fertilization combinations on many traits simultaneously. The most varied objects were A4B1C2 and A1B2C1 (in 2009), A4B1C1 and A2B2C2 (in 2010), A4B2C1 and A1B2C2 (in 2011) and A4B2C1 and A1B2C2 (for all three years). The most similar objects (with regard to the 12 traits analyzed together) were A4B2C2 and A3B2C2 (in 2009), A4B2C2 and A3B1C2 (in 2010), A2B2C2 and A2B1C2 (in 2011) and A4B2C2 and A3B2C2 (for all three years). The Mahalanobis distances between particular objects in particular years of observations were positive and statistically significantly correlated.

Moringa oleifera (MO) seed cake is one of the alternative ways to replace chemical coagulant. A jar test apparatus was used for monitoring water treatment. Water quality of Gebeng River (GR) was examined before and after treatment. Parameters using MO seed cake residue were investigated. Preliminary laboratory results showed the great potential of MO seed cake to be used in water treatment. MO seed oil was extracted using ethanol up to 12.78% yield. It was successfully reduced and prevents bacterial growth for Wastewater (WW) and Gebeng River (GR) water samples. The turbidity was removed up to 85-94 % and dissolved oxygen (DO) improved from 2.58±0.01 to 4.00±0.00mg/L. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were increased after the treatment from 99.5±0.71 to 164.0±2.83mg/L for COD and from 48.00±0.42 to 76.65±2.33 mg/L for BOD. Nevertheless, there is no significant alteration of pH, conductivity, salinity and total dissolved solid (TDS) after treatment. Heavy metals such as Fe was fully removed while Cu and Cd were successfully removed up to 98%. The reduction of Pb also achieved 78.1%. Overall, 1% of MO seed cake was enough to remove heavy metals from water samples.

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by excessive intestinal absorption of dietary iron , causing iron overload in different organs, especially the liver. Hemochromatosis may not be recognized until later in life. Patients are usually asymptomatic but may present with a variety of signs and symptoms. . These include: hyper-pigmented skin, hepatomegaly, arthralgia, diabetes mellitusand/or heart failure / arrhythmia. The risk of HH related morbidity in HFE compound homozygotes patients (H63D /H63D) is considered rare, we report a male patient with H63D mutation who developed impaired glucose tolerance, and high hepatic enzymes due to significant iron accumulation in the liver as well as Parkinsonian-like syndrome due to iron deposition in the basal ganglia. A 40 year old Qatari male was referred for evaluation of a rise in hemoglobin and hematocrit values with normal MCV, total leucocyte and platelet counts. The patient was asymptomatic with normal vital signs, no depigmentation or hepato-splenomegaly. Hematologic findings included a hemoglobin concentration of Hb 16.5 g/dL, hematocrit 53%, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 93 fL/red cell, leucocyte count of 7200/ ?L and a platelet count of 199000/?L. His serum ferritin was 359 ?g/l ( normal values: < 336 ?g/l), serum iron: 37 ?mol/l ( normal values <28.6?mol/l), fasting transferrin saturation: 64% (normal < 50%). A random glucose 6.5 and 6.4 mmol/L (normal values 5.5mmol/L ), A1C of 5,4 %, normal creatinine and electrolytes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of 66 U/l (normal < 40U/l), mild elevation of bilirubin 39 umol/l ( normal <24umol/l), normal U&E Hepatitis B and C antibodies were negative OGTT revealed impaired glucose tolerance. Thyroid function, morning serum cortisol, LH and FSH and serum total testosterone concentrations were in the normal range. A diagnosis of polycythemia vera was excluded on the basis of WHO Criteria 2008. The polymerase chain restriction assay was negative for the common mutation (C282Y) but positive for H63 D mutation. Family screening confirmed HH in his brother (homozygous), whereas his mother, two brothers and the sister were carriers (heterozygous). His four offspring were carriers. This suggested an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Conventional MRI study showed a normal liver size with diffuse fatty changes and focal areas of fatty sparing with some evidence of iron deposition. Whereas, T2-star (T2*) sequences showed a diffuse and significant decrease in liver signal intensity . A LIC liver concentration of 27 mg Fe/g dry wt was found (normalvalues :< 2 mg Fe/g dry wt; severe iron overload: ?15 mg Fe/g dry wt). No significant iron deposition in the spleen, heart or pancreas was observed. At the age of 41 years the patient complained of tremors in both hands and arms while sitting or standing still (resting tremor) that improved with hands movements. . A brain MRI revealed iron deposition in the basal ganglion. It was concluded that basal ganglionicn iron deposition mediated the neurological decline. Currently, the transferrin saturation and serum ferritin levels are within normal. Discussion: This is the first case of HH secondary to H63 D among an Arab family and the first reported case of Parkinsonism tremors secondary to this mutation. The H63D HFE variant is less frequently associated with HH , but its role in the neurodegenerative diseases has received a great attention. An accurate evaluation of iron overload is necessary to establish the diagnosis of HH and to guide iron chelation in HH by determination of liver iron concentration (LIC) by means of T2* MRI. Although serum ferritin concentration was only mildly increased a significant siderosis in the liver was detected by MRI T2* technique occurred. Liver siderosis was associated with mild impairment of liver function (increased serum ALT and bilirubin ). Conclusion: Our data further confirm that serum ferritin levels are not an accurate measure of total body iron stores in HH. Iron deposition in the liver and basal ganglion occurred despite mild elevation of ferritin. changes in basal ganglion may present by parkinsonian like tremors in these patients Use,T2* MRI should be encouraged in patients with HH for better evaluation of Iron overload and avoidance of Complications since serum ferritin can be misleading in these conditions.

Wireless Sensor Networks as a flourishing research field has caught the attention of research community with increasing multimedia applications of sensors. However, sensor nodes suffer from many constraints, including low computation capability, small memory, limited energy resources, and tremendous volume of still image. These constraints make data transmission in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks a challenge. Data fusion is useful with abstract information extracted from sensed still image data. In the paper, we propose a security-enhanced energy-efficient data fusion scheme based on similarity matching to overcome limited bandwidth and reduce energy consumption. The proposal scheme divides still image into different pieces, and transmits the effective pieces to the sensor nodes. Results show that the scheme can transmit still image in resource-constrained Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks securely and economically.

Stramonium is a species of Datura genus and were grown in the botanic garden of the university of Sistan and Baluchestan and were studied the collected samples in flowering period. The methanol extracts of the samples were extracted by Soxhlet apparatus and were concentrated in a rotary. Antioxidant activity of the samples was measured by using DPPH. Methanol extracts as compared with synthetic antioxidant BHT is better than other extracts showed good effect.DPPH method showed highest antioxidant activity for flower and roots in after flowering period and for leaves in during flowering period (IC50= 48.95 and 45.84 and 35.78 respectively) compared with the amount for leaves and stems in after flowering period and for stems in before flowering period (IC50= 31.50 and 6.59 and 11.38, respectively).FRAP assay showed highest antioxidant activity for flowers and roots in after flowering period and for leaves in during flowering period (mMFe+2/sample=60.75 and 40.78 and 56.92 respectively) compared with the amount for leaves and stems in after flowering period and for stems in before flowering period (mMFe+2/sample=30.54and 19.61 and 30.50, respectively.

All parts of Datura plants contain dangerous levels of the tropane alkaloids atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine which are classified as deliriants, or anticholinergics.The aerial parts of Datura stramonium were harvested in flowering stage from botanic garden of Sistan and Baluchestan university in the mid, June 2012. The methanol extract was gathered by soxhlet apparatus and concentrated in rotary. We could generate total alkaloid solution by the use of sulfuric acid, ammonia and chloroform. The total alkaloid was purified by passing from a column of silica gel and was washed by a combination of ether petroleum and chloroform solutions. The existence of alkaloid and purity of the generated solution from the column by the method of thin-layer chromatography technique was confirmed. Then this solution was analyzed by GC-MS technique. The alkaloid scopolamine was identified with the range of 5.77%. This combination is the reason of antioxidant feature of the plant extract.

Total agricultural products are divided into 24 categories according to the HS classification. The paper calculates GL intra-industry trade (IIT) index and Brulhart marginal intra-industry trade (MIIT) index for each type of agricultural products during the period from 2003 to 2010 for trading between China and America. The results show that the GL index levels of Sino-US agricultural intra-industry trade are all relatively low and thereby need to be further improved. Therefore, for accelerating the development of Sino-US agricultural product trade, for China it is necessary from four aspects such as improving per capita income, accelerating Sino-US economic integration process, achieving internal economies of scale in agriculture and enhancing the quality of agricultural products to formulate and implement related policies.

In this study we proposed a model for measuring customer satisfaction index in Iranian hypermarkets. The main assumptions of this model were 1) perceived quality and value have their effects on customer satisfaction through perceived image and 2) customer’s personality affects on image empathically. We used PLS path modeling and our results confirmed our assumption. Also results showed that Perceived service quality has positive and significant direct effect on customer satisfaction after perceived image. Praise, Complaint behavior and price insensitivity are derivatives of loyalty; But, because most of sample Shoppers (89% of sample) had average and low income and could not be insensitive to prices. So price insensitivity cannot be good derivative of loyalty in this situation