A Dual band micro strip patch antenna using H-slot is proposed. The proposed antenna has low profile and high gain\nwhich can find application in satellite communication and wireless telephone network. The H-slot used on the patch’s\nsurface affects the radiation characteristics of proposed antenna. The operating frequency range of proposed antenna is\nin S band and C band. By using H-slot on rectangular patch with coaxial probe feed a dual band is achieved. The\nanalysis of antenna is done on IE3D simulator. The simulation result shows that the proposed antenna works on dual\nband. The gain of 3.8 dBi, return loss of -27 dB at 5.37 GHz and 22.5 db at 2.6 GHz, efficiency of about 90% and\nVSWR less than 2 is achieved for both bands.

The palladium-catalyzed synthesis of the benzo[a]phenothiazine derivatives via Suzuki-Miyaura cross- coupling (SMC) reaction was thoroughly investigated. The intermediates were prepared in an alkaline medium by the stoichiometric reaction of 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxyl-2-mercaptopyrimidine and 2-aminpyridin-3-ol each with 2,3-\ndichloronaphthalene-1,4-dione using benzene/DMF as the solvent.Subsequently, each intermediate was subjected to SMC reaction with phenylboronic acid and 3-nitrophenylboronic acid, refluxing for 7-8 h at 110 oC in toluene using\ndibenzylideneacetone palladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (SPhos) and potassium phosphate (K3PO4) as the catalyst, ligand and base correspondingly to yield the derivatives (5a-b) and (6a-b) respectively . The structural confirmation of the synthesized compounds was done using UV-visible, FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The screening of the synthesized compounds against six (6) micro-organisms viz: Bacillus subtitis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger revealled that they have significant activity against some grampositive micro-organisms.

We used electrophoretic zymograms to analyze the activity of two inducible dihydrodiol dehydrogenases (PDD1 and PDD2) present in cell-free crude extracts of Mucor circinelloides YR-1 strain, which were grown in phenanthrene as the sole carbon source. This technique allowed us to analyze simultaneously the enzymatic activities in the same gel, which enabled us to determine some physico-chemical and chemical properties of both enzymes.\nThe synthesis of DD activities of aerobically-grown mycelium cells as a function of incubation time and carbon source reached its maximum level after 48 h and then declined. We used different poly-aromatic hydrocarbons as the sole carbon source for DD induction; phenanthrene was the best inducer and pyrene the worst. Neither naphthalene nor anthracene had any effect as inducers.\nBoth enzymes use the cis or trans-di-hydro-di-hydroxi-naphthalene as a substrate, and the cis-isomer was used more than the trans-isomer. PDD2 showed broad substrate specificity. PDD1 preferentially uses di-hydro-naphthalene-diol, but it shows low activity when short-chain primary alcohols were used as the enzyme-substrate. The optimal pH value for both enzymes was 8.0-8.5 and both are active over a wide temperature range. The activity for both enzymes was reduced by the presence of Zn+2 and totally inhibited by Cu+2 and Fe+2. Meanwhile, enzymatic activity was not affected by the addition of Ca+2, Mg+2 nor EDTA. Similarly pyrazole had no effect on DD enzymatic activities.

This study aims at examining at future of electric cars in Iceland, in the context of market readiness and growth opportunities. Iceland is found to be one of those countries, which are heavily dependent on the imported oil, in order to fulfill their transportation requirements. This situation has considerably affected the economic as well as the environmental conditions of the country. Thereby, adequate alterative resources are needed to be adopted in Iceland. In this regard, the emergence of electric cars can be considered as one of the greatest initiatives towards the reduction of environmental vulnerabilities as well as cost efficiencies. It is also expected that electric cars will eventually reduce the need of importing fosil fuel. This research has analyzed different factors, which have assisted in establishing that electric cars have tremendous opportunities in the automobile market of Iceland. This study has adopted mixed methodology (qualitative and quantitative), in order to acquire more coherent and credible information. Qualitative data was collected from secondary resources, whereas, primary data was gathered by conducting a survey questionnaire with the Icelandic citizens.

Objective: Analyze policies of pregnant women between Latin American countries based on health results that establish gestation and public policy comparisons. Methodology: Official information of variables related to pregnant women and resources governing this subject were obtained through publications by the World Health Organization (WHO), World Bank (WB) and Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Eleven variables were analyzed: total fertility rate; crude birth rate; reported maternal mortality ratio; prevalence of contraceptive use among women of childbearing age; proportion of births attended by trained personnel; proportion of pregnant women attended by trained personnel during pregnancy; health expenditure per capita; total health expenditure relative to gross domestic product (GDP); public health expenditure relative to total expenditure in sector; proportion of low birth weight, and the average of annual births. The multivariate analysis of principal components creates new variables that can express the contained information from the original data set; reduce the dimensionality of said problem as a first step for future analysis, and eliminate where possible, original variables if they provide little information (Pla, 1986). Results: We identified four main components that accumulate a percentage of 78.87% of the variability explained. Conclusions: The first component is positively related to health expenditures per capita; health expenditure as a whole proportion of GDP, and the average of annual births. The second component is positively associated with public health expenditures as a proportion of GDP, and births attended by trained personnel. It correlates inversely with the prevalence of maternal mortality and total fertility rate. The third component is positively associated with crude birth rate; proportion of low birth weight, and reported motives for maternal mortality. Its negative relationship is compatible with the prevalence of contraceptive use among women of childbearing age, and the proportion of births attended by trained personnel. The fourth component is positively associated with the prevalence of contraceptive use among women of childbearing age, and the proportion of pregnant women attended by trained personnel.

Despite lower cancer survival rates in Eastern Europe, cardiovascular risk and prognosis of cancer survivors is a main concern, and the present study aims to assess arterial stiffness and central hemodynamic indices in oncologic patients, compare it with healthy controls and find associations and correlations with complete blood count and therapy. The present study enrolled 20 patients with solid tumors (colon, lung, renal, laryngeal, pancreas, mammary and testicular cancer and malignant melanoma) and 26 healthy controls. All study participants underwent investigation using a Mobil - O – Graph, assessing pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AI) and central hemodynamic indices. Complete blood count was available for each patient from medical records. Significant higher values were obtained for pulse wave velocity, augmentation index and central hemodynamic variables in cancer patients compared to healthy controls. Significant correlations and associations were found between PWV, AI and reflection magnitude (RM) with complete blood count variables. Significant associations were also found between therapy with antimetabolites and antimicrotubule agents and PWV and AI. Malignant solid tumors increase arterial stiffness and impair central hemodynamic indices. Pulse wave velocity should be assessed in cancer patients with anemia, anisocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis and lymphopenia and in patients undergoing therapy with antimetabolites and antimicrotubule agents.

The current study reports for the first time, the genetic parameters and genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations as well as trends of ewe productivity traits in Arabi sheep. Data were collected at Animal Science Research Station of Khuzestan Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University (ASRSKRANRU), south-west of Iran during an 8-year period from 2001 to 2008. Litter size at birth (LSB), litter size at weaning (LSW), litter mean weight per lamb born (LMWLB), litter mean weight per lamb weaned (LMWLW), total litter weight at birth (TLWB) and total litter weight at weaning (TLWW) averaged 1.11 lambs, 1.01 lambs, 3.83 kg, 19.43 kg, 4.16 kg and 20.12 kg, respectively. Genetic parameters and correlations were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood; breeding values of animals were estimated with Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP)implemented in WOMBAT software and genetic- and phenotypic trends by regression of ewes’ average breeding values and phenotypic least square means on year of birth respectively. Random effects were fitted by additive direct genetic effects and permanent environment related to the ewe as well as sire effects, in addition to non-genetic effects of ewe age at lambing and lambing year. Direct heritability estimates were0.05, 0.02, 0.13, 0.12, 0.04, and 0.06for the six traits, respectively. Genetic correlations between traits ranged from −0.82 to 0.94.Phenotypic correlations were low, ranging from −0.33 to 0.52.Estimated genetic trends were very low; −0.003 lambs for LSW and 15 g for TLWW. The study concluded that indirect selection based on total litter weight at weaning could be efficient considering the studied traits.

To investigate the microstructural dynamics of intracellular crystallinity by wet-based platform at mild temperature, an expansive arrangement of polymeric microfibrils in swollen rice straw (RS) was evaluated based on either open morphological changes (here microscopic images and signaling intensities) or passive bioconversion interactions of secondary cell wall components. In a wet state, the level of conservative crystallinity index (CrI) in processed RS had a mild score of 25.6, but interestingly metabolic biocascades was in an advantageous position from the enzymatic accessibility. Regardless of the structural modifications of RS by physicochemical processes (here milling and soaking), the interrelationship between fermentation efficiency and CrI (or relative crystallinity) had a positive correlation (R2) of 0.5690 (or 0.5807). Remarkably, it is suggested that the open damage of crystalline polymers is more important than the selective removal of amorphous barricades.

Determine the mean survival and incidence proportion of recurrence in patients with soft tissue sarcomas of extremity managed surgically and identify the predictors of recurrence at a tertiary care hospital.\nBACKGROUND. The objective was to define the incidence of local recurrence (LR) and identify predictors for LR in patients with extremity soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) managed surgically with intention of limb-sparing.\nPATIENTS AND METHODS. A review of the sarcoma database identified 68 patients with primary, nonmetastatic, extremity STS managed surgically with intention of limb-sparing between June 2005 and December 2011 who had a pathologically confirmed negative resection. Univariate analyses were performed to determine clinicopathologic factors associated with LR.\nRESULTS. With a median follow-up of 26 months the 5-year actuarial LR rate was 32%. The probability of LR rates were 32% on univariate analysis, risk factors associated with a statistically significant higher rate of LR were male gender (p 0.00), age more then 50 (p 0.04), stage III presentation (p 0.00), and size more then 5 cm (p 0.00). \nCONCLUSIONS. The study suggests that patients more then 50 years old with stage III disease, tumor size more then five centimeter and male gender have a significant local recurrence risk.

The organomagnesium industry is a basic industry in organic chemistry based industries, the amount, through this unique research is based on the extensive study of Schlnek reaction to figure out the optimum type and amount of precipitating agent for phenyl magnesium bromide from its solution. Dioxane is prepared is compared to other competing types of precipitating agent like pyridine, showing its advantages above the latter one, other factors that affect the precipitation of phenyl magnesium bromide were also disused such as mode of addition and the solvent type choice and its concentration along with ANAL formed upon precipitation. To emphasis the paper results, an experiment was held in AUC organic chemistry lab to ensure an validate it, the detailed procedures and the amount of dioxane required and its mode of addition were fairly explained and demonstrated, the final product is brought to full analysis chemically to validate the paper scope.

In this paper, a sequence of Hilbert spaces is introduced such that the generalized Hankel-Clifford transformation is a Hilbert-space automorphism. Topological properties of the spaces are also discussed.

During the last 60 years in Poland 34 cases of aberrant coloration in bats of the following species have been recorded: Rhinolophus hipposideros, Myotis daubentonii, Myotis mystacinus, Myotis nattereri, Myotis myotis, Eptesicus serotinus, Barbastella barbastellus and Plecotus auritus. The largest number of aberrant coloration cases was recorded during the hibernation period in the Nietoperek bat reserve, western Poland (0.016% individual with albinism). In 2014 five individuals with partial albinism and one flavistic bat were found there. Participation of individuals with albinism varied from 0.05% in the case of M. nattereri, 0.02% in the case of M. daubentonii and only 0.007% in the case of M. myotis. During the studies on bat swarming in the Tatra Mountains one case of leucistic whiskered bat was recorded which accounts for 0.016% out of over 5,900 representatives of this species that were caught.

The paper present research want to show which is the influence of distance between the rows at sowing above the productivity elements as: average number of ramification per plant, average number of pots per plant, average number of beans per plant, average weight of beans per plant and TWK, as the influence of the distance between the rows at sowing above the plants flowering. The experience was made at Didactic and Production Farm Moara Domneasca, between 2010 – 2012. There been studied four distance between rows: 12,5 cm, 25 cm, 37,5 cm and 50 cm, and their influence above two rapeseed cultivars : Valesca cultivars and Exagone hybrid. The cultivation technology was the same for all variant and experimental years. The results obtained in the experimental years shows that the best results was obtained at rapeseed cultivars and hybrid when the distance between the rows at sowing was 25 cm, 37,5 cm and 50 cm.

The paper, presents the results obtained at the Didactic FarmMoaraDomnească – Ilfov county, on a reddish preluvosoil soil, on Olt and Generos corn hybrids, during the period 2011 – 2013, following the application of herbicides at several ages. \nThe results obtained bring an important contribution in clarifying the best period for the application of herbicides on corn hybrids, the factor which must be taken into account in establishing the best moment to apply herbicides: the hybrid’s precocity, its development phenophase, the weed development phase, the evolution of the climatic conditions or all these aspects in their integrality. .

Chemistry Education for Practice and Sustainability via Greener Lab Experiments\nFayez M. Eissa* 1,2 , Omar M. S. Ismail4, and R. S. Abdel Hameed 3,4\n1) Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt\n 2) Apparel Department, Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, Giza, Egypt.\n3)Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Cairo, Egypt.\n4)Chemistry Department, College of Science, Hail University, Hail 1560, KSA.\n\nAbstract \nIn this work we reported Green procedures for chemistry lab experiments and evaluated it as a benign approach for chemical education in chemistry for chemistry undergraduate students. The improved Experimentation represented new, facile, less hazardous, high atom efficiency, and environmentally benign advance in practical chemical education. The newly designed greener procedures were carried out and the advantage over the conventional one was evaluated through a comparative study. The greener experimentation obviously demonstrated the superiority of the greener practice over the conventional one and largely increased the learning outcomes about Green Chemistry and Sustainability for the individuals participated in the study.\nKeywords\nGreen Chemistry; Sustainability, Chemistry Education; Benign Lab, Green Experiments.

Present study examines the effect of variable viscosity and magnetic field on steady hydrodynamic heat transfer flow of Cu(cupper) water micropolar nanofluid past a continuously semi-infinite moving plate , taking into account viscous dissipation and mass transfer at the plate. The viscosity of base fluid is assumed to vary as a function of temperature. The governing fundamental equations are approximated by a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and are solved numerically using the shooting method. Numerical results are presented for the distribution of velocity, microrotation and temperature profiles throughout the boundary layer. Results for the details of the velocity, angular velocity and temperature fields as well as the skin friction coefficient, couple stress and heat transfer rate have been presented. The present work has significant applications in the cooling system of nuclear reactors, industrial processing plants as well as aid mechanism of cancer therapy and antimicrobial treatments.

Intake of alcohol incurs tolerance and habituation due to its pharmacological\ncharacteristics and results in multiple issues in physiological functions. Aldehyde,\nwhich is a metabolite of excessive alcohol, induces changes in physiological functions\nand causes liver disorder, neurological disorder, and various metabolic disorders. This\nexperiment studied the induction level of metabolic changes and internal hypoxia in\nvital organs like liver and kidney targeting rats addicted to alcohol for 60 weeks. The\nweights decreased statistically in the alcohol group compared to the control group.\nThere was no difference between the two groups in renal functions, while the alcohol\ngroup showed a statistically significant increase in liver functions compared to the\ncontrol group. In hematological variables, indexes including erythrocytes showed a\nstatistically significant decrease, while serum iron increased in the alcohol group. In the\nmeasurement of the total of leucocytes and blood platelets, the alcohol group showed a\nsignificant decrease compared to the control group. In iNOS and Nrf2, the alcohol\ngroup showed a statistically significant increase compared to the control group. These\nfindings indicate that long-term alcohol consumption forms undecomposed\nacetaldehyde and peroxides and stimulates liver and kidney cells, thereby inducing\ninflammatory and oxidizing materials, which result in chronic inflammation anemia and\nimmunosuppression due to systematic hypoxia induction.

The Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is made the most of in the place of conventional communication facilities which has been of assistance in the huge attenuation of operating costs, as well as the promotion of next generation communication services-based IP. As an intimidating upshot, cyber criminals have correspondingly started interjecting the environment and creating new challenges for the law enforcement system in any Country. At this instant, we put forward an idea of a framework for the forensic analysis of the VoIP traffic over the network. This includes spotting and scrutinizing the network patterns of VoIP-SIP, which is used to initiate a session for the communication, and VoIP-RTP, which is employed to convey the data. Our network forensic investigation framework also accentuates on developing an efficient packet restructuring algorithm for tracing the depraved users involved in a conversation. The proposed framework is based on network forensics, which can be used for packet level surveillance of VoIP and regenerating original malicious content or session between malicious users for their prosecution in the court

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the most important crop in the world and in Egypt. This crop is parasitized by many plant pathogens. The aim of this research is to investigate the effective use of different bio and natural elicitors to improve the tolerance of barley against pathogens. In bioassay test and artificial inoculation in greenhouse, experiments were conducted to study the effective use of different elicitors (Acremonium, Streptomyces, Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, Pseudomonas putida , P. fluorescens, methyl jasmonate (MJ), chitosan (CHI), an antioxidant in the form of ascorbic acid and a polyamine (PA) in the form of putrescein) to suppress the pathogens growth and improve the resistance of barley against biotic and abiotic stress, including the identification of new putative. Pseudomonas putida , Methyl jasmonate and Chitosan resulted in a significantly greater decrease in the diseases incidence under none and saline soils in addition increased of total phenols, peroxidase, chitinase and total soluble protein in barley as well as plant growth and yield.

Background: Photogrammetry has been used in medicine for measurements of human body for many years; yet, its techniques and methods were limited by the necessity to use expensive and sophisticated equipment requiring appropriate knowledge and skills by its operation. The purpose of the study was to provide normative data about the quadriceps \"Q-angle\" values in normal children in dominant and non-dominant side using computerized photogrammetry. Method: Fifty children from both sexes participated in this study. Their age ranged from six to ten years old. They were selected from Egyptian governmental schools. They were evaluated through computerized photogrammetry for measuring of Q-angle values and digital weighing scales .Q-angle was measured in both dominant and non-dominant legs in normal children. Results: there was a significant difference in Q- angle values between boys and girls aged from 6 to 10 years. Non-significant statistical difference between the dominant and non-dominant Q values was elicited. \nConclusion: Photogrammetry may be used as a valuable safe adjunct tool for screening in school age to document skeletal alignment in early childhood.

In this study, eight wild edible boletaceae mushrooms were analyzed and compared for their basic chemical\ncompositions and antioxidant properties of their phenols, including Boletus craspedius, Boletus sinicus, Boletus\nbicolor, Boletus speciosus, Boletus ornatipes, Xerocomus, Suillus placidus and Tylopilus felleus, which were\ncollected from Yunnan province, China. The nutrient contents were analyzed for crude protein, total soluble amino\nacid, amino acid profiles, crude fat, fatty acid compositions, total carbohydrates, total soluble sugars, total dietary\nfibre, monosaccharide compositions, crude ash, metal profiles, total phenols and their antioxidant activities.\nThe crude protein contents of studied mushrooms ranged from 16.25 to 25.93% DW. Total amino acid\nranged from 4.23 to 9.93% DW. Total carbohydrate contents showed variation being 65.01 to 75.65% DW. Contents\nof total soluble sugars were in the range of 10.34 to 25.18% DW. Crude fat contents were found to be 1.15 to 5.37%\nDW. Crude ash contents of investigated mushroom varied from 4.90 to 7.22% DW. In the present study, total\nphenolics of eightmushrooms varied from 1.20 to 10.78 mg GAE/g DW. The phenols of eight mushrooms exhibited\nsignificant antioxidant activities. IC50 values for lipid peroxidation inhibition ability ranged from 64.28 (S. placidus)\nto 603.85 μg/ml (B. speciosus) of phenols. IC50 value for OH-scavenging activity of B. bicolor was lowest being\n69.68 μg/ml. IC50 values for DPPH-scavenging activity ranged in descending order of Xerocomus 95.07, B.\ncraspedius 88.18, T. felleus 87.92, B. ornatipes 75.91, B. speciosus 74.55,B. sinicus 68.01, S. placidus 51.04 and B.\nbicolor 44.23 (μg/ ml of phenols).

The article aims at the problem of mastering by students the effective coping strategies as a way out of stressful educational and professional situations, providing the achievement of psychological safety. The authors give the analysis of empirical data of coping strategies of a future teacher-coach and characterize the training in psychological safety, which became a source of development of student’s positive strategy and coping or overcoming behavior. It is confirmed that participation in the training led to acquisition of knowledge, personal experience of self-control, self-management and stress resistance. Significance of a qualitative change in the student’s coping strategies as a result of mastering of constructive variants of their use, consistent with the development of one’s professional strategy is proved.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the effect of kiwifruit extract on gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin in rats and exhibits its powerful antioxidant properties. Materials and methods: Forty male albino rats were used in this study and divided into control, kiwifruit, gastric ulcer and treated groups. Oxidative stress parameters and IL-1α were estimated. DNA damage was evaluated by comet assay method in addition to estimation of vitamins A and E by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and histopathological study. Results: Indomethacin significantly increased stomach MDA, IL-1α, and DNA damage concomitant with a reduction in SOD, TAC and vitamins. Whereas, kiwifruit extract improved these values. Discussion: The powerful effect of kiwifruit may be attributed to their potential to remove free radicals through their phenolics which can donate electrons to H2O2, and neutralize it to water Conclusion: kiwifruit is very effective agent in protecting against gastric ulcer.

This research was conducted to improve grapevine resistant to fungal pathogens, Lasiodiplodia theobromae in plants using beneficial microorganisms i.e. Paeniobacillus polymyxa, Brevibacillus brevis, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Streptomyces griseus and their secondary metabolites. Bio-control agents and some of their selected secondary metabolites include Polymyxin B antibiotic and chitinase enzyme were applied on two years old grapevine seedlings inoculated with L. theobromae in greenhouse experiment. Seedlings were artificially inoculated with the pathogen and sprayed with either culture solution or cell-free filtrate of bio-control. The greenhouse results showed that P. putida was the highly effective one as biofungicide and inducer followed by P. polymyxa and B. brevis. This was accompanied with induction of the activities of phenols, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and chitinase as well as total protein in grapevine transplant compared with untreated control. Also Chitinase increased resistant in inoculated and non-inoculated grapevine transplanting with L. theobromae. Furthermore, P. fluorescens, S. griseus and Polymyxin B antibiotic enhanced resistant compared with the control. The SDS-PAGE analysis showed several new synthesized as inducing resistance proteins, which were not in control as a response to the sprayed BCAs and their metabolites on the inoculated and non-inoculated grapevine transplanting with L. theobromae.

This paper proposes a Healthcare Decision-making Model (HDM) using a Classifier-based Disease Reasoning. The proposed HDM consists of a Classifier-based Filtering Module (CFM) and a Disease Reasoning Module (DRM). The CFM extracts only the data necessary for a Decision-making by filtering Disease and Therapy data with a Classifier based Feature Elimination (CFE) algorithm. The DRM generates disease reasoning rules with the data extracted from the CFM by using Markov Process and makes a decision with the generated reasoning rules. The experimental result of the CFE says that in case of Training Data, the precision of the CFE is improved better than that of the SVM by 2.9% and that of the Naive Bayesian by 1.8% and in case of Cross Validation Hold, the precision of the CFE is improved better than that of the SVM by 6.5% and that of the Naive Bayesian by 7.2%. In addition, the reasoning result generated by the DRM excels the C 4.5 algorithm by 2% in precision.

The weed flora in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum Lam.) crops in Hail region, Saudi Arabia was assessed to identify the weeds and evaluate their abundance. The comprehensive stock of weeds obtained was analysed to determine the relative abundance of taxa and life forms. Nightly seven weed species belonging to 81 genera from 27 families were collected. The floristic analysis showed that the majority of weeds in this study crops are annual herbs, while the minority group lies in the shrub category where only 4 species (Anvillea garcini, Rhanterium epapposum, Zilla spinosa and Withania somnifera) were recorded. Majority of weed flora in alfalfa and wheat crops are belong to the therophytes group which constitute about 73.2% of total species recorded in this study. The most species-rich families were Poaceae (22.6%), Asteraceae (16.4%), Chenopodiaceae (9.2%), Brassicaceae (7.2%), and Fabaceae (5.1%). Twenty six weed species were recorded for the first time in Hail region; among these 26 new record species; about 16 species are belonging to the family Poaceae.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between smoking and arteriographic variables and to compare blood pressure variables, arterial stiffness, endothelial function and arterial age in sedentary and physically active smokers. \nMaterials and methods: A total of 89 smokers underwent arteriography. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure in the aorta (SBPAo), pulse pressure in the aorta (PPAo), pulse wave velocity (PWV), brachial (Aix Brach) and aortic augmentation index, arterial age (AA), diastolic reflection area and diastolic area index were assessed. Additional data regarding physical activity and smoking habits were collected. \nResults: Significant correlations were found between smoking and arteriographic variables. The most significant correlations were found between smoking pack years (SPY) and SBPAo, PPAo, AA; the number of cigarettes smoked/day and diastolic blood pressure, MAP, SBPAo and AA; the smoking period and AA. Regression analysis revealed significant associations between smoking variables, physical activity and arteriographic variables. No significant differences were found by comparing arteriographic variables in physically active and sedentary smokers; PWV, AA and Aix Brach were, as follows: 7.91±1.67 m/s and 9.24±5.48 m/s (p=0.189), 38±16 years and 41±17 years (p=0.333) and -48.82±5.23% and -36.2±3.72% (p=0.051), respectively. \nConclusions: Smoking impairs arteriographic variables in a dose-dependent manner. Physical activity does not improve blood pressure variables, arterial stiffness, endothelial function and arterial age in smokers.

The effect of the immunomodulator Natstim® (lyophilised killed bacterial cells from Escherichia coli 29, Escherichia coli J5, Staphylococcus aureus 27/58 at amounts corresponding to 1010 cells of each species, stabilized with Dextran 40) on serum lysozyme concentrations, the activity of the alternative pathway of complement activation (APCA) and growth performance in White Plymouth Rock hens was investigated. Natstim® was found to have a stimulating effect on innate humoral immunity of hens and improved their productive performance. It was demonstrated that Natstim® should be better applied with drinking water and that its beneficial effects were superior if applied for a longer period of time.

Objective: To assess morbidity due type 2 diabetes mellitus in the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, by means of a structural model, from which the multivariate relationships of some of the major biological determinants are identified, behavioral and environmental determinants of the disease and quantify their respective contributions. Methodology: This assessment was based on scientific evidence of the determinants of diabetes mellitus. The evidence was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory multivariate statistical methods \nas is the case of principal component analysis and structural equation analysis. Results: Two components were extracted which explained 96% of the total variance of the indicators. Indicators of the first component identified as major risk factors were female gender, households with television, the urban population, age 60–64, age 65 and over, not being eligible for government health care, not having completed middle school, and using cars; indicators of the second component have little influence on the disease. Conclusions: The study shows the usefulness of the model for analysis and prioritization of biological, behavioral and environmental determinants of diabetes mellitus, information that can support the design of public policies for diabetes prevention and control.

Syntheses of derivatives of phenothiazine and phenoxazine are reported. The intermediates, (1-3) were prepared by reacting 2-aminothiophenol, 2-aminopyridin-3-ol and 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxylpyrimidin-2-thiol with 2,3-dibromonaphthalene-1,4-dione in the presence of anhydrous sodium carbonate using benzene/DMF as solvent. These were then subjected to the fluoride-free Hiyama cross-coupling reaction with 2-(dimethylsilyl)pyridine and dimethyl(2-thienyl)silanol using magnetically separable Pd/Fe3O4 as the catalyst under aqueous conditions to yield the derivatives 3(a-b), 4(a-b) and 5(a-b). The stability, high activity and ease of recovery of the catalyst using an external magnet made this protocol an economically viable route for the syntheses of these bioactive compounds. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established using spectral and analytical data. Results of the in vitro antimicrobial screening data revealed the ability of these compounds as potential antibacterial and antifungal agents.

Due to the diversity of the species of annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds, in different types of soil\nand climatic conditions, weed control in wheat crops is, in our country, one of the main specialised measures available to agricultural engineers working on farms.\nKnowledge of weed species, as well as being familiar with the chemical composition of herbicides, the\ncontrol spectrum and the application stages which are not harmful to wheat plants and the environment are the basic requirements for high, quality yields.\nSince 1945, the year that marked the discovery of the 2,4 - D herbicide, and until now, over 200 active\nsubstances have been approved; they are included, as part of various mixtures, in 2,000 commercial products used for weed control in wheat crops, the largest portfolio of herbicides among crops. Knowing both weed and wheat plant growth phases, as well as the types and doses of herbicides ultimately leads to good results in terms of weed control in winter wheat.

Risks are defined as the probabilities for an unpleasant event to occur; they can be measured epidemiologically either by studying the perception and points of view of people who experience issues associated to risks or by match daily risks to their social contexts. Aim. Describe and analyze the perception of risks in a socio-environmental setting in order to analyze the inhabitants’ discourse and thus learn about the experience of living with imminent risks in the vicinity of their home, on community the Saucillo, Hidalgo, Mexico. Methodology. A qualitative ethnomethodological study was conducted and implemented in three phases (analysis of the context, conducting interviews and carrying out a discourse analysis) during such study 4 people participated. Results. Historical records of the community where the study was conducted established that inhabitants do not perceive risks in their daily context, such as gas stations or pipelines located near educational institutions such as National College of Professional Technical Education [CONALEP]; moreover, the inhabitants who are daily exposed to risks ignore the reasons the installation of such risky places was allowed and understand that are risky for students on campus. Conclusion. The level of education of the inhabitants involved in the perception of imminent socio-environmental risks is crucial for their identification.