Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type is the etiologic agent of two distinct human diseases, adult T-cell leukemia or lymphoma and a chronic, progressive demyelinating disorder. HTLV-II is associated with HAM (HTLV associated myelopathy), but is not known to cause leukemia or lymphoma. One of the major routes of HTLV transmission is parenteral transmission. The aim of this work was to investigate the seroprevalence of HTLV-I/II among blood donors in Jahrom province. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on 530 blood donors from 2013-2014. All samples tested for HTLV (I or II) specific antibody by ELISA method and positive samples were confirmed by nested-PCR method. Result: Of all 530 samples, 18 (3.4%) samples were positive for HTLV (I or II) specific antibody, Of 18 positive for HTLV (I or II) specific antibody just 1 of them, was confirmed with Nested-PCR for HTLV-I, which was a blood donor. There was not any HTLV-II positivity (nested-PCR) in the blood donors. Conclusion: The results of this study show that frequency of HTLV-I/II in Jahrom is lower than other city of IRAN. Further studies with larger samples are recommended to determine the prevalence of these viruses in other community.

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) has been categorized as a class 2B carcinogen and its carcinogenicity was estimated to be one-tenth of that of AFB1. As milk is a major nutrient for infants، children، convalescents and old people, the presence of AFM1 in commercial milk and dairy products is a matter of concern. As milk is a major nutrient for infants، children، convalescents and old people, the presence of AFM1 in commercial milk and dairy products is a matter of concern. The aim of this survey was to determine concentrations of AFM1 in raw and pasteurized milk marketed in Jahrom city located in southern of Iran during two seasons. A total 120 milk samples including 90 raw milk samples and 30 pasteurized milk samples were examined by ELISA method to determine AFM1 concentration in Jahrom (a southern city in Iran), Jan. 2013 to jun. 2013. The presence of AFM1 was seen 8.33% including 6.7% and 13.3% of raw pasteurized milk respectively. The results indicated that the contamination of the kinds of milk in such level could be a serious public health problem. Inspection of milk and dairy products is recommended for AFM1 contamination.

The stock market is a plentiful, diversified and complex aggregation where buying and selling securities are often performed primarily in the Stock Exchange. Purchase and sale of shares on the market are risk factors of price volatility. The volatility of the stock price has an impact on the profits of investors. To minimize the risk of fluctuations in stock prices, the author uses the CAPM to evaluate and measure the relationship between risk and profit and make methodology. The objective of the paper is to find out the risk level and the profitability level of portfolio to choose the best investment project, maximize the profit and minimize risk. The results of this model are forecasting the rate of return for securities investment. In addition, this model also evaluates the relationship between risk and expected income and is used to value the securities that have a high degree of risk.

Here we investigate the effect of electromagnetic waves with high radio frequency radiation on the antioxidant activities and seed germination of Zea mays. Three groups of Zea mays seeds were used in this study. The first group was only exposed to RF radiation emitted from the mobile phone simulator. The second group was only exposed to RF radiation emitted from the mobile phone simulator while it was switched off. The third group served as the control. Data showed that the level of germination was significantly higher when seeds were exposed to an electromagnetic field of 900 MHz (EMF), The effects of electromagnetic waves with high frequency (940 MHZ) were studied on lipid peroxidation and proline content in leaves of Zea mays. Thirteen-day-old seedlings were subjected to two types of electromagnetic wave treatments for 7 days. The two treatments were indicated according to their duration of exposure to the waves, i.e. (i) exposure for 3 hours a day and (ii) 5 hours a day. After 20 days, the malondealdehyde (MDA) content in the leaves of the treated plants were measured as an indication of lipid peroxidation. We also measured the amino acid proline as a biomarker in abiotic stress. Here the abiotic stress is to be the electromagnetic field with high frequency (940 MHz). Our results show that electromagnetic field causes an increase in MDA content in leaves, compared with the control, sourced from the GSM simulator. Furthermore, catalase enzyme activity increased as a result of exposure to EMF. which may be due to the induction of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Proline content increased significantly in plants treated with the electromagnetic field (940 MHz). The increase in proline content is the plant’s countermeasure against abiotic stress.

Fluoroquinolones are important antibiotics for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli. Mutational studies have shown that ciprofloxacin a member of fluoroquinolones induces SOS response and thereby mutagenesis in pathogenic bacteria which in turns develops antibiotic resistance. However, inhibition of SOS response can increase recombination activity which in turns leads to genetic variation. The aim of this study was to measure 5 SOS genes expressions in 9 Escherichia coli mutants with different MICs for ciprofloxacin following exposure to ciprofloxacin using qRT-PCR. Results showed that the expression of recA was increased in 5 mutants and this overexpression enhances the expression of polB and umuCD genes encoding nonmutagenic and mutagenic polymerases, respectively. The direct relationship between the level of SOS genes and the level of resistance to ciprofloxacin was also found. It was concluded that novel therapeutic strategy that inhibits RecA activity would enhance the efficiency of common antibiotics against pathogenic bactertia.

Background. Article presents partial results based on adults‘ lifestyle with a focus on selected health determinants, which are one of the key factors of life quality of adult population.\nAim\nThe aim of the pilot study was monitoring and extention of knowledge from the area of selected determinants of current lifestyle of adults in term of their health.\nMaterial and Methods. Survey respondents were middle-aged people from Liptovský Mikuláš. Standardised questionnaire was used for detection of primary indicators of life quality and lifestyle of this group.\nResults. Findings significantly showed that vertebrogenic diseases have ascending tendency in observed group, whose symptom is pain. At the same time, they are also the cause of inoperability and the use of different medicaments. Health issues in observed group occured in several combinations. Further we analyzed eating habits and content of some grocery in the nutrition of adults in relation to health. In the adults lifestyle, smoking with higher percentage of men than of women, but also coffee and sweets, occur in the context of risk factors which threaten their health. Conclusions. In nutrition they absent at a higher rate a higher intake of fish, cereals, fruit and vegetables. Among adults mostly sedentary nature of the work prevails as well as lower capacity of utilization of sports and recreation activities among women compared to men.

Kidney subcapsular implantation of pancreatic islets in mice is widely used in diabetes-related studies. Reliable and reproducible transplantation is essential to the success of particular investigations. Renal subcapsule is the most selected site for islet transplantation mainly because of its easy access, ready retrieve and possibility of re-implantation. Syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic islets were transplanted into kidney capsules of Balb/C and C57BL/6J mice and blood glucose level was periodically monitored. Detailed procedures on mouse diabetic model and islet implantation were described in this presentation. The blood glucose tracings under varied transplant circumstances were presented, covering syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic islet transplantations. The methodology is straightforward and has been proven to be practicable and reproducible. The parallel observations under different transplant situations provide useful information for the diabetes-related studies.

In this paper, firstly, we generalized Kannan contraction type mappings. Secondly, we prove that generalized Kannan contraction type mappings have a unique fixed point in generalized metric spaces. Furthermore we show that they can\'t have a fixed point in metric space.

Background: The aim of the study conducted upon completion of obligatory palliative medicine courses among medical students from two Polish Universities was to explore the knowledge of palliative care, euthanasia and assisted suicide definitions, attitudes toward euthanasia practice, law, and legalization depending on respondents\' place of permanent residence.\n\nParticipants and methods: A total of 482 students agreed to participate in the anonymous and 18–questions questionnaire study. There were 340 (70.5%) students from Poznan Medical University: 244 (50.6%) in the fifth and 96 (19.9%) in the sixth year and 142 (29.5%) students (in their sixth year) from Gdansk Medical University.\n\nResults: A total of 380 (78.84%) students were Catholics. More students from Poznan University stayed permanently in cities over 50,000 inhabitants (p = 0.003). The place of permanent residence had no connection with students’ knowledge of palliative care, euthanasia and assisted suicide definitions, current law regarding euthanasia and students’ attitudes toward legalization of euthanasia. However, the place of permanent residence was associated with possible abuse if euthanasia is legal (p = 0.051 after eliminating “do not know” answer), the will to commit euthanasia or assisted suicide (p = 0.012). Permanent residents of villages indicated natural death in greatest percentage (82.69%) and euthanasia or assisted suicide in least percentage (17.31%) in case of their own incurable disease.\n\nConclusions: The place of permanent residence has a significant connection with some of students’ answers regarding their attitudes toward euthanasia. Results might be associated with cultural and values differences between smaller and bigger communities

A control survey consists of establishing the horizontal and vertical positions of points for the control of a project site or study area. Geodetic survey techniques like GPS (Global Positioning System) are used in performing deformation measurements in regional and global scale. This technique can be used to monitor the motion of points on a structure relative to stable geodetic control points. In this study, an array of GPS antennas is positioned at selected points of the study area. As the stability of the considered network points is not known, a global test for defining the stable part of the network has been applied in order to separate the stable area from the deforming area. Deformation analysis with S – transformation has been performed based on the stable points. The weakness of the vertical component against the horizontal components on using GPS is well known. This study discusses the empirical differences between a 2D (horizontal) and 3D network analysis using the same sample data. Results are discussed and are presented.

Biological synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles have become an important branch of nanotechnology. In this paper, green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using leaf and flower extracts of Pelargonium zonale as reducing, capping and stabilizing agent, has been discussed. The simple one-step method of synthesis yields anisotropic (spherical, triangular and hexagonal), stable gold nanoparticles in the range of 2 - 80 nm. The gold nanoparticles and the capping biomolecules were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), zeta potential, fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).

Introduction The optimal diagnostics and treatment of acute appendicitis continues to be a challenge. A false positive diagnosis of appendicitis may lead to an unnecessary operation, which has been appropriately termed negative appendectomy. Negative appendectomy rates of 10%-20% have been accepted to avoid the consequences of missing a true case of appendicitis. The aim of our study was to identify the effectiveness of preoperative investigations in preventing negative appendectomy our institution. \nMethods A retrospective study was performed on adult patients who underwent operation for suspected acute appendicitis (AA) from 2008 to 2013 at Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos (VUH SK). Patients were divided into two groups: group A underwent an operation, where appendix was found to be normal (non-inflamed); group B underwent an appendectomy for inflamed appendix. Groups were compared for preoperative data, investigations, treatment results and pathology findings. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 13.0 for Windows.\nResults Five hundred and fifty four patients were included in the study. There were one hundred and twenty seven in group A (22,9%) and four hundred and twenty seven in group B (77,1%). The mean age of population was 31 years. The male/female ratio was 1,23/1 in both groups. Preoperative laboratory tests results of Hgb, hct, concentrations and WBC count were significantly higher in group B (P < 0,001). Ultrasonography was performed for 78% of patients in group A and 74% in group B and did not provide any statistically significant results. Comparing Alvarado score results, there were more patients with Alvarado score less than 7 in group A than in group B. Group B had Alvarado score 7 or higher. In literature has demonstrated that all clinical and laboratory variables are weak discriminators individually, they achieve a high discriminatory power when combined. However in our large series we could find only four independent risk factors, and they could only account for 24% of cases.\nConclusion In summary, acute appendicitis is still often misdiagnosed and the ratio of negative appendectomies remains rather high. Additional investigations such as observation and computed tomography should be used to prevent this.

The anterior aspect of the cervicothoracic junction is a difficult region to approach in spinal surgery and technically challenging. Many vital structures including osseus, articular, vascular and nervous ones hinder the exposure. Fortunately, indications for surgery in this region are rare. However, when it becomes necessary for the surgeon to expose this region, it is useful to be prepared to approach it carefully. However, it demands the extensive openining of surgical field and leaves the severe postoperative pain to the patient. We have to consider less invasive procedure. We experienced of two traumatic cases with cervicothoracic lesions. The patients were sucessfully treated using anterior modified approach. Anterior reconstruction and instrumentation of the cervicothoracic junction offers a distinct advantage of a stable implant-bone construct anteriorly while preserving the posterior osseo-ligamentous tension band. We have found the anterior transthoracic approach very useful for the treatment of pathologies of the cervicothrocic junction vertebrae. Moreover, the modified anterior approach provides same exposure of the cerivicothoracic juntion without full median sternotomy, thererfore it is useful the removal of the lesions in cervicothoracic junction with less complication.

The present study provides the first information about the safety of a novel influenza viral vector vaccine expressing the Brucella proteins ribosomal L7/L12 or Omp16 containing the adjuvant Montanide Gel01 in pregnant heifers. Immunization of pregnant heifers was conducted via the conjunctival (n=10) or subcutaneous (n=10) route using cross prime and booster vaccination schedules at an interval of 28 days. The vector vaccine was evaluated in comparison with positive control groups vaccinated with B. abortus S19 (n=10) or B. abortus RB51 (n=10) and a negative (PBS+Montanide Gel01; n=10) control group. Clinical studies, thermometry, assessment of local reactogenicity and observation of abortion showed the vector vaccine via the conjunctival or subcutaneous route was completely safe for pregnant heifers compared to the commercial vaccines B. abortus S19 or B. abortus RB51. The only single adverse event was the formation of infiltration at the site of subcutaneous injection; this reaction was not observed for the conjunctival route.

Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are classified in [alpha]-papillomaviruses (including mucosal and cutaneous types) and [beta] [gamma] [mu] [nu] (cutaneous). High-risk HPV infections have a direct association with cervical cancer, while the role of HPV infection of other anatomical sites including cutis remains unclear. Manuscript aim is to bring the latest knowledge of HPV dermatologic disorders that may require tailored follow-up for different patients.\nNormally, healthy subject’s skin represents a “fertile field” where papillomavirus can be found. However, the relationship between HPV and skin disorders is of high clinical relevance in immunosuppressed patients that more often develop HPV lesions.\nHPV has a causative role not only in warts but also in external ano-genital warts and actinic keratosis. Moreover HPV may be involved in the development of skin squamous cell carcinoma and of periungual carcinoma, the last one as possible consequence of genital-hand transmission of high risk mucosal HPV.

South African higher education has gone through numerous changes in terms of restructuring and transformation. Rapid changes of this nature within a higher education system necessitate alternative work arrangements which have potential negative effects on job satisfaction of academics. Research on the contracts of employment of academic staff in the context of developing countries such as South Africa has remained scarce. In order to fill this gap, this study is conducted to explore the relationship between the status of the contract of employment and job satisfaction. A total of 600 (n) academics within South African Universities of Technology were selected. Non-parametric (Spearman’s) correlation analysis was used to establish the relationship between status of the contract of employment and job satisfaction and overall a negative association was found. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to establish significant differences between status of the contract of employment and job satisfaction and significant differences were found. The results showed that those are permanently employed experience high levels of job satisfaction and those who have fixed-term and temporary contracts experience lower levels of job satisfaction. This study concludes by discussing managerial implications of the results.

In this study,it is aimed to evaluate the extended micro teaching method in accordance with the opinions of primary school teacher candidates. The data in this study planned as an action research in survey type was collected by an open-ended questonnaire. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data. 24 students studying in the fourth grade of primary school teaching departmentin 2013-2014 academic year participated in the research. In the study it is concluded that participants were generally satisfied with the implementation of extended micro teaching method.At the end of the research, it is proposed that extended micro teaching should be more common in primary school teaching department and teachers should be informed about it.

Abstract: The toxicity and accumulation of cadmium and lead either alone or in various binary mixtures on L.gibba, were investigated. Tests were run for 2, 4 and 6 days. Duckweed plants were exposed to 10-2,10-1 and 1mg/L of Cd and 10-1 , 1 and 10 mg/L of Pb.\n In the binary mixture, Varied Cd concentration (used above) in presence of 10-1 mg/L of Pb were tested . The highest growth inhibition (42%) was obtained at 1mgCd/L after 4 days exposure. There were about 33% and 35% at 1 and 10 mg/L of Pb. Lowest growth inhibitions were recorded in binary mixtures.\nThe amounts of Cd and Pb uptake by the plant were determined. The most important accumulations were 0,053±0,015, 0,639±0,06, and 2,676±0,007 mg/g dry weight when Cd concentrations were \n10-2,10-1 and 1mg/L , respectively. Pb amounts of 3,075±0,364 and 6,284±0,145 mg/g dry weight where accumulated in plant tissues at 10-1 , 1 at the 6th day. At the highest concentration of Pb, the most important accumulation was 6,030±1,062mg/g. In binary mixtures, Pb accumulation was less important than Cd . However, as compared to cases when either metal was alone in the medium, Cd and Pb uptake by plant is reduced.

Objective: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of toll-like receptors (TLRs) may influence the susceptibility of human hosts to Helicobacter pylori infection. A recent genome wide association study conducted in European population has reported the association of TLR1 rs4833095 and TLR10 rs10004195 with susceptibility to H. pylori infection. However, this observation has not been confirmed in other populations. Here we investigate the significance of TLR1 rs4833095 and TLR10 rs10004195 polymorphisms in susceptibility to H. pylori infection in Han Chinese population.\nSubjects and Methods: Two hundred patients with H. pylori infections and 200 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The TLR1 rs4833095 (missense, Asn248Ser) and the TLR10 rs10004195 (promoter, -113T/A) were genotyped using direct DNA sequencing. \nResults: The alleles at the rs4833095 and rs10004195 were in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The homozygous TT genotype of both TLR1 rs4833095 and TLR10 rs10004195 was associated with significantly higher prevalence of H. pylori infection, compared to TLR1 rs4833095 C allele (CC+CT) carriers (OR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.03-3.44, P<0.05) or TLR10 rs10004195 A allele (AA+AT) carriers (OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.02-3.01, P<0.05), respectively. \nConclusion: These findings indicate that the TLR1 rs4833095 and TLR10 rs10004195 homozygous TT genotype is a potential risk factor associated with H. pylori infection in Chinese population.

Introduction: Prediabetes is an important risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus and subsequent atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and established risk factors in a population based sample in Iran.\nMethods: In a cross-sectional study, participants aged ≥ 30 years selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Firstly, subjects completed a detailed demographic and medical questionnaire (gender, age, history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, taking hypoglycemic and antihypertensive agents and history of smoking). Then all participants were subjected to physical examination, blood lipid profile, blood glucose, anthropometric, blood pressure and smoking assessments, during the years 2009 and 2010. We analyzed the association between prediabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors using SPSS version 11.5 software. P-value <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.\n Results: On the whole, prediabetes was observed among 140 (15.7%) subjects, 17.5% for men and 14.2% for women (p > 0.05). The prediabetic subjects had higher prevalence of systolic hypertension, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, high LDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia than did the normoglycemic group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertriglyceridemia and high LDL-C level were the strongest predictors of prediabetes [Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.25, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.44-3.52, p<0.001; OR= 2.14, CI 95%: 1.19-3.85, p=0.01 respectively). \nConclusion: The major determinants of the prediabetes prevalence were hypertriglyceridemia and high LDL cholesterol level. Therefore, community-based interventions and primary prevention strategies should concentrate on reducing serum lipid profiles for diminished in Iranian adults.

This study aimed to compare the effects of melatonin and testosterone on the recovery of spermatogenesis after dexamethasone (Dex) tissue injuries. Controversies exist regarding the protective effects of melatonin and testosterone.\nAdult male mice were divided into the following six groups and were given the corresponding treatment intraperitoneally for 7 days: group I, saline; group II, Dex; group III, melatonin; group IV, Dex and melatonin; group V, testosterone; and group VI, testosterone and melatonin. Next, the testes were removed for histopathological evaluation, TUNEL assay, and morphometric analysis. Morphometric analysis included Johnson’s scoring, tubular differentiation index (TDI), spermatogenesis index (SPI), and epithelial measurement.\nDex produced pyknotic cells, histological cleft, and tubular depletion of sperm in group II. SPI, TDI, and Johnson’s score were the lowest in group II. Apoptotic cells were seen in all the groups, with the highest proportion (41%) being observed in group II. Melatonin decreased the proportion of apoptotic cells to 6% in group IV. Melatonin and testosterone increased the Johnson’s scores and spermatogenesis index (SPI & TDI). Testosterone decreased the proportion of apoptotic cells in group VI; however, this decrease was not significant compared with that in group IV. Regarding to results melatonin had the highest effects on the recovery of spermatogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis.\nIn conclusion, both melatonin and testosterone recovered the injuries by Dex caused to the testes. However, melatonin showed the highest protective effects against Dex-induced damage compared with testosterone. Thus, melatonin can be used to treat tissue injuries induced by Dex treatment.

Grid computing is the collection of computer resources from multiple locations to reach a common goal. The grid can be thought of as a distributed system with non-interactive workloads that involve a large number of files. It includes the management of computers and other resources used by many organizations. Grid scheduling assigns user’s jobs to the available resources with the aim of maximizing machine usage and minimizing makespan. In this paper, a new heuristic algorithm which schedules the tasks based on the mean sufferage value of the tasks is proposed. The algorithm calculates the sufferage value all the tasks first. Then the sufferage value of individual tasks is compared with mean sufferage value and the tasks are assigned with the machines that has minimum completion time. The proposed algorithm offers better resource utilization and reduces makespan compared to other heuristics. Our proposed algorithm is compared with other existing heuristics for performance analysis and experimental results shows that our algorithm has better resource utilization rate and low makespan than other known algorithms.

A low offset buffer amplifier topologies for LCD application is presented. The proposed buffer amplifier has fast response full input-output swing due to the complementary pair input stage, high slew rate and small settling time is achieved using dual path at the output is stage of push pull. The class AB stage is cascaded with differential input stage to make quiescent current independent of supply voltage, it only depends upon the input voltage. The proposed buffer is fabricated using .35 µm CMOS technology in cadence tool, the buffer can drive 1000 pF capacitive load with a slew rate of 6V/µs, while drawing only 30 µA quiescent current at 5V power supply, with the offset of 1 mV.

In this paper, we prove the existences of weak cotopologies and weak\n$L$-fuzzy cotopogenous orders in strictly two-sided commutative\nquantales. From this fact, we define subspaces and product spaces\nfor $L$-fuzzy cotopologies and $L$-fuzzy cotopogenous orders.\nMoreover, we investigate the relations among weak $L$-fuzzy\ncotopogenous orders, weak $L$-fuzzy cotopologies and weak $L$-fuzzy\nclosure operators. We give their examples.

Article tries to answer a simple question: \"What competencies should take into consideration when an employer hires a fresh PhD?\" These skills should be only scientific, strictly related to the field of research, or must also cover cross-cutting or transferable skills. Are analyzed studies and surveys undertaken at European or international level and also trends of evolution in governmental or institutional policies regarding researcher competencies in various stages of career development. Finally is outlined a “flexible recipe” to portray a young researched which will be employed in a postdoctoral position.

A branch of dental medicine called micro-invasive dentistry has grown in the recent years. It uses techniques which aim at preservation of the hard tooth tissue. One of those methods, called “infiltration”, is soaking of decalcified enamel with a resin. Icon (from DMG company) is the first ever and so far the only preparation which can be called a dental infiltrant. It is a substance based on methacrylic resins which has an ability to infiltrate the inside layers of demineralized (decalcified) enamel. Bacteriostaticity is one of the features which should be inherent in dental infiltrants. Unfortunately, Icon does not have this feature. \nThe aim of the study is to properly choose a dye which would allow to assess penetrating abilities of an experimental preparation with features of a dental infiltrant. The preparation is supposed to infiltrate decalcified human enamel and is to be assessed with use of an optical microscope and choosen dye. The experimental solution mixes well with dyes: eosin, neutral fuchsine and methylene blue. An addition of eosin into a preparation which infiltrates the inner layers of human enamel facilitates assessment of such preparation made with an optical microscope. A designed experimental solution with the main ingredients being tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and a ratio of 75% to 25% may be potentially called a dental infiltrant as it penetrates the inner, demineralized (decalcified) parts of enamel and polymerizes when exposed to light. In order to assess the infiltration of the experimental solution into the demineralized layers of tooth enamel it is needed to improve the measurement techniques which utilize optical microscopy.

Conflict resolution behaviors are essential to solve the problems raised by conflict and to overcome the negative impacts of it. Addict adolescents can get more advantage, if they know how to handle conflict in a proper way. This study aimed to assess Conflict resolution behaviors among addict adolescent in Egypt. A descriptive design was utilized in the current study. A Sample of convenience of 150 addicts adolescents who were attending to the outpatient clinic in Kasr Al Ain psychiatric and addiction hospital. Two tools were utilized in the current study including Sociodemographic characteristics and medical data, conflict resolution behaviors questioner developed by the investigator. The result showed that, more than half of the studied addict adolescents were males. More than three quarter of the studied addict adolescents were aged between 17 -19 .the majority of the studied addict adolescents were read and write and secondary education. The majority of the studied addict adolescent abused tramadol. The Findings also revealed that, slightly more than three quarter of the studied addict adolescent sometimes and always use competitive behavior, smoothing behavior, and avoidance behavior in resolving their conflict. And the minority of the studied addicts adolescents sometimes and always used compromising and problem solving behavior in resolving their conflicts. The finding highlights the importance of further studies about conflict resolution behaviours among addict adolescents in large sample and from different areas and the essential to educate the public that teen substance use is a public health problem.This study supports a role for conflict resolution styles in studies of adolescents problem behavior.

Education is one of the most important types of investment in human capital that creates benefits eventually. Private returns to education include financial option return, non-financial options and non-market returns. On the other hand, the social returns to education include economic growth and non-market social effects. Education has many development goals i.e. it is considered as a tool of social empowerment and global competitiveness. Moreover, education is the most significant asset that explains income disparities among individuals. Accordingly, equity in education leads to equity in income distribution. The main objective of this paper is to estimate the demand and supply functions for schooling in Egypt using the data of Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2012. It is concluded that, the number of years of schooling and the family characteristics are the main variables that affect the demand and supply functions of education in Egypt.

One of the effected problems in large datasets is Outlier detection; the outliers have detected using many methods such as asymmetric winsorized mean. [23] Al-Khazaleh et al in 2014 has proposed new method in order to detect the outlier values by combining the asymmetric winsorized mean with the famous spectral analysis function which is Wavelet Transform (WT) then they call this method by (MTAWM). Where as in this article we will expand this work by using the modern Wavelet function which is Maximum overlapping wavelet transform (MODWT). As results, after comparing the new technique with the previous mentioned techniques using financial data from Amman stock exchange (ASE), Maximum overlapping wavelet transform- asymmetric winsorized mean (MWAW) has found the best method in outlier detections

The whey is a by-product of cheese, curd, casein and refers to a milk secondary raw material. Addressing the full and efficient use of whey for food purposes is based on the industrial processing being done in two directions - the integrated use of all the dry residue and extract the individual components. In this study there were set: the creation of innovative technological equipment which consumes a small amount of power, works on the principle of condensation polydisperse systems; the creation of non-waste technology based on the use of new energy-saving technologies and equipment. The new equipment has the cascade of liquid at the whey processing and it was conducted to test the technology of serum thickening. According to the results of research, the innovative patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) № 25472 \"Device for condensation\", a technical passport, specifications and technical documentation for the production of condensed whey with 20% concentration was applied for. The resulting condensed whey can subsequently be dried. Obtained by this method, dry whey used in the production of functional foods as shown in the innovative patent of the RK № 28293 \"Method of obtaining biopasty using whey\" and in the innovative patent of the RK № 28652 \"Dry curd product «Kurt».\"

Nano-Silica gel functionalized with silane group was prepared through micro-silica gel activation followed by chemical modification process. The parameters affecting the functionalization process were optimized to attain adsorbent matrix with high copper affinity of 98% within 90 min. This synthesized optimum functionalized silica gel matrix was characterized using different physic-chemical techniques. Both FTIR and TGA results confirms silica-gel functionalization process. The SEM images specified the reduction of material diameter from micro-scale (20µm) into nano-scale (100nm). A fundamental investigation of copper decontamination onto produced material was conducted under batch conditions. The copper sorption process was considerably affected by initial copper concentration, solution pH and adsorbent dosage. The kinetic and equilibrium results recorded for copper sorption onto synthesized SFNSG were modelled using different theoretical models. The copper sorption process was described well by Langmuir equilibrium isotherm where it depends mainly on the chelation process. The reaction kinetics follows closely the second order model and the rate determining step is intra-particle diffusion.

The present work provides potentially efficient and novel method for prediction of the toxicity of enantiomers and isomers of pyrethroid insecticides by using SCF-QSTR multiple linear regression model based on new quantum chemical indices. These indices were proposed dependent on multipole moments of the insecticide molecule structure. The toxicity of 50 pyrethriod isomer for Phenothrin (A), Permethrin (B), Cypermethrin (C), Cyfluthrin (D), Cyhalothrin (E), Deltamethrin (F) and Fenpropathrin (G) were calculated by the model. The regression coefficient R2 was estimated to be 1.0000, the LD50av was smaller than 1x10-3 and the F values were higher than 1x1016. The LD50 of pyrethroids depended on the overall structure and not on the certain S or R configuration.

Background: One of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic nephropathy (DN). The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between variants of transcription factor 7–like 2 (TCF7L2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PPARGC1A) gene polymorphisms individually or in combination with the progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: Eighty five T2DM patients (Forty five with nephropathy and forty without nephropathy), and forty five healthy control subjects were included in the study. The polymorphisms were evaluated by PCR/RFLP analysis.Results: The frequency of TCF7L2 rs7903146 TT genotype and T allele were significantly associated with DN patients compared to normal controls (P= 0.016 and 0.008), respectively and compared to T2DM patients without nephropathy (P=0.023 and 0.018), respectively. A significant differences in AA genotype distribution for the Gly482Ser polymorphism of PPARGC1A gene was observed between T2DM with nephropathy cases compared to control subjects (P=0.002). Moreover, a significant association in A allelic frequencies was observed in DN cases compared to control subjects at P=0.019 and compared to T2DM patients without nephropathy at P= 0.035. No differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between cases and controls were found for the Thr394Thr polymorphism. Conclusions: Our study suggests that candidate gene polymorphisms rs7903146 of TCF7L2 and Gly482Ser of PPARGC1A may serve as a susceptibility biomarker for nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

In this work we introduce a new definition for linear Kelvin Voigt solid based on fractional order theory, to clarify our idea, first we start with non linear Kelvin Voigt solid without fractional theory to get the model of equations, then we use the properties of linear theory and isotropic solid to get the equations in the linear theory, apply fractional order theory to these equations, finally we get the stress strain equation for linear Kelvin – Voigt solid based on fractional order theory.