\"The impact on LBBB in the function of left ventricle and left atrium. Volumetric measurements of their function\"\nKey words: LBBB, Left ventricle (LV) function,Left atrium (LA) function,SDI of LV ,EF of LV,EF of LA.\n \nThe aim of this study was to analyze the function of the left ventricle (LV) and left atrium (LA) in patients with Left bundle branch block (LBBB). \n20 patients with and without LBBB were examined ,using 2D echocardiography . The obtained images were analyzed with the 2D echocardiography software. In our study groups, we obtained lower values of EF ,GLS ,GCI of LV in patient with LBBB.EF of LA in booth groups where normal. \nThe SVLA and DVLA in patients without LBBB was lower in patients with LBBB. LA dV/dT of EDAV in LA, in patients without LBBB is higher compared to patients with LBBB, whereas dV/dT of ACV in LA in patients without LBBB was lower compared to patients with LBBB. EDAV in patients without LBBB was higher compared to patients with LBBB, whereas the ACV for the group with LBBB was lower . The Systolic expansion time of LA (SET: msec) was higher in subjects with LBBB. The ratio between the LA (SET) and the RR interval (SET/RR interval index) for the group without LBBB was 0.42 against 0.69 for the group with LBBB. \nIn conclusion:\n1. LBBB does not have an effect on the value of EF of LA. \n2. LBBB causes reduction of EF of VM. \n3. LBBB causes an increase of SVLA and DVLA of the LA . \n4. LBBB causes elongation of the SET of LA. \n5. LBBB reduces EDAV in patients with LBBB.\n6. LBBB increases ACV. \n7. LBBB affects dynamic of MV

This study presents the influence of environmental conditions on the total development of mass-occurring species of Copepoda in the southern Baltic Sea: Acartia spp., Temora longicornis and Pseudocalanus sp.. Temperature, salinity and food concentration were included in the analysis. Calculations were performed with experimental data from the literature for Copepoda of the Baltic Sea. Calculations were performed for nauplii and copepodids with no division into particular stages. Our studies comprises the total development time of organisms dependent on the influence of environmental factors listed above. The results of this work show the differences in the development time of certain copepods and the level of sensitivity of each of them to particular biological, physicochemical factors. The work was carried out using numerical calculations.

Today, hypersensitive skin reaction due to drugs has been reported often as the use of\ndrugs for various diseases is increasing. According to drug monitoring institutions, such\nskin reaction may be caused by the drugs used in patients during treatment, with\ndamage to organs, such as hepatitis, being reported. Hence, we induced a hypersensitive\nskin reaction in four-week-old Dawley rats by employing the oral administration of\nloperamide, which is commonly used as an antidiarrheal, and evaluated the effect of\nFomes fomentarius extracts on the reaction. Leukocyte counts were measured in the\nbroncho-alveolar lavage and peripheral blood. Eosinophil and lymphocyte counts in the\nFomes fomentarius extracts groups (IV, V, and VI) were significantly lower than those\nin the hypersensitive reaction group (II). In the analysis of liver function markers, there\nwas no change before and after the administration of Fomes fomentarius. The 200 mggroup\nof Fomes fomentarius showed better findings on the histological analysis by\nmicroscopy. This study has concluded that Fomes fomentarius extracts could decrease\nhypersensitive skin reaction caused by drugs.

To mathematically understand the reinforced hydrolytic triggers (here beta-glucosidase (BG), cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), endoglucanase (EG), xylanase (Xyl), and biocascading supporters) of nature-friendly specialized biodegradation (without additive redox inducers) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, the long-term biokinetics of target enzymes were interpreted based on the modified forms of unstructured models. In especial, based on the peroxidative maximization for open structures, the proposed enzymatic models were roughly controlled as the proper correlations (over 80.2%) between mathematical results and actual patterns. However, the substrate kinetics (either hemicellulose or cellulose; over 98.8%) by the total hydrolytic signals may be able to increase the statistical validity that the suggested equations are useful for long-term fermentation process. This verification may be used to stably set up the master plan for consolidated bioprocessing of second-generation biorefineries.

Poly-β-hyroxybutyrate is a common bacterial polymer. It has been ecofriendly and best alternative biopolymer against environmental pollution. In this study, the poly-β- hyroxybutyrate (PHB) contents of Rhizobium phaseoli local isolates were studied in the different media where two different carbon sources used by a spectrophotometric technique. Differences in the PHB contents of isolates were determined statistically and ranged from 0.05 to 0.535 g/l. Using two carbon sources between isolates, the highest PHB content was obtained from the MM medium contain mannitol from A13 isolate. Viscosities of the isolates were also measured and differences were determined among the isolates. Changes in the pH of the medium were determined and the galactose containing R medium was determined to show acidification. In the correlation analysis performed, a direct proportion was determined among PHB, dry cell weights (r= 0.99) and viscosity (r= 0.97)

Representing higher agricultural productivity, genetically modified foods (GMFs) are promising for food security, especially in the face of current external effects of climate change, economic growth and the need to improve human health and protect the environment. Application of GMFs is increasing in the United States of America, Canada, Argentina and Brazil. GMFs increasingly appear on shelves of department stores in America and other industrialised countries, as well as in developing countries, such as Burkina Faso, Sudan and Brazil. This study was aimed at esimating the level of awareness of GMFs and awareness sources among food consumers in Enugu, Nigeria – an ancient coal-city of great political, commercial and socio-economic importance. Questionnaire was used to elicit information from randomly selected patrons of department stores. Average mean score technique was used to test the hypothesis. Results show that sampled food consumers were very much aware of GMFs (26.67%), not very much aware (36.7%), not sure (1.6%), and not aware at all (21%) through newspaper (21.67%), institutions (13.34%), family/friends (30%), television (38.33%), radio (33.33%), reports (3.33%), seminars/conferences (10%), books (10%), journals/articles (3.33%), and Internet (11.33%). Increased publicity of GMFs was recommended to enable food consumers make informed choices.

This study assessed the causes of shrinking Iva/Ekulu river channel and dwindling water level in Iva Valley, Ugbo Odogwu and Emene, and the effects on residents who relied on the river for drinking and domestic water supply and livelihood. Foussed group discussion was employed to generate information. Photo camera was used to take photographs. Water samples collected at various spots of the river were analyzed for 30 physicochemical charateristics. The mean concentrations of parameters of the samples were compared with the minimum guideline limits of World Health Organisation (WHO) for drinking water quality. Pollution index (PI) was used to evaluate the contamination and pollution of the water samples. Findings showed that dumping of human wastes was a factor in the shrinking of the river channel and pollution of the drinking and domestic water source. The pollution adversely affected biodiversity, and led to adverse health effects on the people as well as their choice and timing of livelihood activities. Sixteen (16) contaminants identified by both PI and WHO standards were NO3-, NO2-, pH, SO42-, F-, Cl-, H2S, EC, TDS, Total hardness, Mg, Cu, Pb, Ni, Se and Zn, and 9 pollutants were CO2, PO43-, CN-, Turbidity, Al, Ba, Cd, Si and Mn. Three (3) pollutants identified by PI, but not corroborated by WHO standard, were Fe, K and TSS, while 2 pollutants identified by WHO standards, but not corroborated by PI, were Cr and Ca. Therefore, the domestic water from the Iva/Ekulu river was polluted and its continued use for drinking may constitute a serious public health risk.

Abstract\nOxygen is used by eukaryotic cells for metabolic transformations and energy production in mitochondria. Under physiological conditions, there is a constant endogenous production of free radicals that interact as signaling molecules in physiological mechanisms. Free radicals are neutral molecules, which are produced by separation of ions and molecules. In regular conditions production and disposal of free radicals are at equilibrium. However this equilibrium may not always be experienced, where these species are not eliminated by antioxidants or are excessively produced. Unequalibrium of free radicals causes a condition called oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has destroying effects on lipids, proteins, DNA, organelles and finally cells. This process is also linked to inflammation. Over last two decades scientists explore the reasons and possible outcomes of oxidative stress, since it has an obvious connection between the condiition and number of diseases such as chronic inflammation and many emerging disorders like cancer, kidney diseases, oral diseases, fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal chronic diseases or rheumatics diseases, hypertension and preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a condition that is experienced during pregnancy and holds its place as number one cause of prenatal death. Our goal in this rewiev is to describe the oxidative/nitrosative stress and its effects on preeclampsia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and radioprotective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and Thymoquinone (TQ) on radiation-induced oxidative stress in the brain tissue. Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups to test the radioprotective effectiveness of Nigella sative oil and Thymoquine administered by either orogastric tube or intraperitoneal injection. Appropriate control groups were also studied. Brain antioxidant capacity, as measured by levels of total superoxide scavenger activity (TSSA), non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activity (NSSA), superoxide dismutase, paraoxonase (PON) activities, total antioxidant status and total sulfhydryl (-SH) group, were lower in irradiation (IR) only group while xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels were higher in the group compared with all other groups. Brain glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity significantly decreased in IR only group when compared with the control groups. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was lower in the IR only, NSO plus IR, TQ plus IR groups when compared with the control group of TQ. Arylesterase (ARYL) activity was not statistically significant in IR only group compared with the all other groups. The results suggest that Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and its active component, TQ, clearly protect brain tissue from radiation-induced oxidative stress.

Background and Purpose: Anxiety and depression disorders (ADD) have the highest overall prevalence rate among psychiatric disorders especially in young females. Its manifestations are disabling, distressing and have a substantial negative impact on quality of life. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy and physical therapy on female students with mild to moderate anxiety and depression.\nMethods: Forty volunteer female students participated in this study with mild to moderate anxiety and depression. Their ages ranges from 18 to 25 years with mean (21±0.75). Participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups: physical exercises therapy (PT) (group A); n= (20) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); n= (20) (group B). Assessment performed pre and post treatment program using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS 21). Treatment was provided for 8 weeks, 5 days per week of PT program and one session per week of CBT program. \nResults: both groups showed an improvement from pre to post treatment results in DASS21 (stress, anxiety and depression) P= 0.0001; and IPAQ continuous scoring P=0.02 but not the categorical scoring P= 0.37 in GB only. Although there was more improvement in patients received (PT) program (GA) in anxiety P=0.02, continuous P= 0.001and categorical P= 0.008 scoring, no significant difference between both groups in stress P= 0.43and depression P= 0.32 scores were observed, but the mean differences of PT group scores were higher than CBT group.\nConclusions: both PT and CBT are effective in improving manifestations of anxiety and depression in young females with mild to moderate anxiety and depression. However, physical exercises were proven to be more effective in management of anxiety more than depression and stress compared to cognitive behavioral therapy.

This study developed an experimental animal model that able to therapeutically evaluates the effect of Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) in snoring remission by laser Doppler imager. Twenty aged rats were used in this study. With the assistances of the laser Doppler imager, the studio condenser microphone, and a digital camera under a surgical microscope, we recorded and then compared subcutaneous microcirculation, sound pressure and frequency of snoring, and vocal fold areas in aged rats with and without CHM B210 treatment. CHM B210 treatment significantly enhanced subcutaneous microcirculation (P<0.01), reduces sound pressure and frequency of snoring (P<0.01), and expands vocal fold areas during inspiration period (P<0.01). This experimental model may prove a beneficial therapeutic evaluation of CHM in snoring remission by using laser Doppler imager.

Arsenic is a natural contaminant that is found in water utilized for human consumption. For this reason, Mexican Official Norm NOM127-SSA1994 establishes 0.025 mg/L as the cut-off point of this contaminant. Arsenic chronic exposure in potable water has been related with cardiovascular diseases, cancer of the liver and gall bladder, neurological disorders, peripheral neuropathies, muscular dysfunction, ocular disease, skin lesions, and type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM2). Objective: To determine the effect of arsenic in an experimental model with regard to a human case. Methodology: Plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) in blood (HbAc1?), and insulin were determined in humans, in addition to the arsenic levels, the latter with fluorescent microscopy. An experimental model was used in rat exposed to Arsenic of 0.010 mg/L and 2.025 in drinking water. Results: The difference of arsenic in urine was 0.0063 mg/L, insulin of 8.51 ± 1.1 UI/mL vs. 6 ± 0.51 UI/mL, and of HbAc1?, of6.15 ± 0.4 vs. 6.64 ± 0.23% (healthy vs. DM2) in humans. In the experimental model of 20?60 days under exposure to arsenic (0.025 and 0.010 mg/dL), these maintained an increase of plasma glucose of 13, 15.2, and 16.77 mg/L, with behavior similar to that of HbAc1? (p ?0.05 vs. control). Conclusion: Levels of exposure to arsenic of > or <0.010 mg/L in drinking water suggests a gradual hyperglycemia and an increase of HbAc1? and insulin, which can comprise the initiation of the establishment of DM2.

In rats, partial hepatectomy induces reasonably synchronized DNA replication in the remaining liver after approximately 20 hours. Events occurring during the earlier stages of liver regeneration are of interest because they may tell us how cells in vivo respond when they move from a differentiated resting state (G0 phase) to a proliferative state. We report here that the expression of the c-MYC oncogene is increased up to 10-15-fold of the normal level within 1-3 hours after partial hepatectomy. This expression begins to decrease rapidly after 4 hours and has returned to less than double the normal level after 8 h, at which time replicative DNA synthesis has still not begun. A still larger increase in c-Myc transcription is observed in the liver when protein synthesis is inhibited by an injection of cycloheximide. Transcription of c-Myc is assumed to be regulated by a number of positive and negative cis-acting control elements located upstream or within exon 1 and intron 1. In order to identify novel additional control elements, we mapped DNase I hypersensitive sites (HSs) around the rat c-Myc gene in hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy. Within the coding and 5\' region of the c-Myc gene, an almost identical pattern of DNase I HSs was detected in hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy. These findings suggest the existence of a short-lived protein that is soon synthesized in hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy, and which suppresses the expression of c-Myc. The association of these enhancers with DNase I HSs, indicating the functional activity of c-MYC in vivo, may make them potential candidates for the postulated regulatory control elements required for cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.

In the study, we have identified the effect of the mixture of Rhynchosia Nulubilis and hydroponic-cultured Panax ginseng (RNHP) on stress-induced depression in four-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The test groups were classified into group I (normal group), group II (forced swimming group), group III (high-concentration RNHP mixture dosing group), group IV (low-concentration RNHP mixture dosing group) and group V (positive control group). In the immobility time of the forced swimming test, the control group (Group II) was 271.6 seconds, whereas the group III was 193.6 seconds the group IV was 111.7 seconds. In the result of analysis on hematologic factors, liver function markers and cortisol levels, there was no difference among the groups. Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in the high- and low concentration of RNHP (group III and IV) were significantly lower than those in the control group (group II). In the comparison of the size of thyroid tissue, the cell size in the groups of RNHP was significantly smaller than that of the depression-induced control group. In conclusions, the mixture of Rhynchosia Nulubilis and hydroponic-cultured Panax ginseng can ameliorate stress-induced depression and decrease release of thyroid hormones, resulting in inhibition of hypothyroidism.

The present article reports five simple, sensitive, and accurate spectrophotometric\nmethods which have been developed for the determination of pioglitazone hydrochloride\n(PG) in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulations. The first three methods are based on the\nformation of yellow ion-pair complexes between the examined drug and bromocresol\npurple (BCP), bromthymol blue (BTB), and bromophenol blue (BPB) as dyes in a\nuniversal buffer of pH range (3.0- 3.5). The formed complexes were extracted with\nchloroform and measured at 408 nm, 412 nm, and 416 nm, respectively for the three\nsystems. The last two methods are based on charge transfer complex formation between\nthe studied drug and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE); and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane\n(TCNQ). The best conditions of the reactions were studied and optimized. Beer’\ns law was\nobeyed in the concentration ranges 2.0 – 20.0, 2.0 – 18.0, 2.0 – 18.0, 1.6 – 20.0 and 1.6 –\n22.0 µg mL-1 with molar absorptivity of 3.5 × 104\n, 3.1 × 104\n, 2.7 × 104\n,\n 2.2 × 104 and 2.6\n× 104 L mol-1\ncm\n-1, for the BCP, BTB, BPB, TCNE and TCNQ methods, respectively.\nSandell’\ns sensitivity, correlation coefficient, detection and quantification limits are also\ncalculated. The proposed methods have been applied successfully for the analysis of the drug both in its pure form and in its dosage forms. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical excipients and additives. Statistical comparison of the results with those obtained by the HPLC method shows excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference in terms of accuracy and precision.

This paper shows a parallelization strategy of an explicit numerical analysis technique for a quad-parallel structure. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of this parallelization strategy, the authors have been used it in order to solve a particular initial-value problem (which is described by an ordinary differential equation and an initial condition) by using an explicit numerical analysis technique. The numerical analysis technique, which has been used in order to solve the ordinary differential equation, refers to 4th order Runge-Kutta method that has been applied twice, i.e. first in the serial component of the parallelization strategy, and second in the parallel component. The serial component runs serially on the Matlab client, then the parallel component runs in parallel on a quad-parallel structure on multiple data, by using a defined single-program multiple-data structure. The set of data has been distributed across the quad-parallel structure by using a data-distribution scheme.

The yeast Candida utilis 70163 was used for the production of single cell protein using date fruit syrup as substrate. The process conditions for the propagation of the yeast were determined in a bioreactor with 10 liter working volume. Yields and chemical composition of SCP produced were determined. Under optimum growth conditions the yeast gave biomass yields on sugar of more than 90% of the theoretical, and the protein content of the biomass was about 50%. The amino acid profile of the protein was well balanced containing relatively high amounts of the amino acids mostly deficient in common poultry feeds such as lysine and the sulfur containing amino acids. The biomass also contained other important nutrients such as the vitamins of the B group and the minerals phosphorus, potassium, sodium and magnesium, and the fatty acids of its lipids were mostly of the unsaturated types.