Objective: The present study aimed to find predictors of arterial stiffness and early arterial aging in sedentary and physically active subjects, considering blood pressure and anthropomethric variables. \nDesign: A total of 70 study participants, involved in regular physical activity or sedentary, matched for age and gender, were investigated using an arteriograph, in a cross-sectional study. Blood pressure variables, pulse wave velocity (PWV), brachial augmentation index (AixBrach), aortic augmentation index (AixAo), arterial age (AA) and pulse pressure amplification (PPA) were assessed. \nResults: No significant differences were found between blood pressure variables, PPA, PWV, augmentation indices and arterial age between the two groups. Significant correlations were found between blood pressure, anthropometric and arteriographic variables in both groups. Multiple regression analysis revealed significant associations between augmentation indices, PWV and arterial age, respectively, with blood pressure variables in the physically active group and with anthropometric variables in the sedentary group. \nConclusion: Blood pressure variables are associated with, and predict arterial stiffness and early arterial aging in physically active participants. Systolic blood pressure in the aorta (SBPAo) and BMI are related to endothelial function and arterial stiffness in the sedentary group. A BMI≥25 kg/sm is a sensitve predictor of arterial stiffness and early arterial aging only in sedentary subjects.

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are formed when chlorine reacts with organic matter in water and including four compounds chloroform (CHCl3), bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl2), dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl) and bromoform (CHBr3). THMs are prevalent in Arab Public of Egypt Water Supplies, because more than 95% Egypt supplies are sourced from surface waters. Surface water sources contain higher levels of organic matter, compared to ground water sources, therefore surface waters have a greater THM formation potential. Also surface waters, in comparison with ground waters, vary in seasonal temperature which can also result in an increase in THMs. People can be exposed to THMs in drinking water in a number of ways; ingestion of drinking water, inhalation of indoor air largely due to volatilisation from drinking-water, inhalation and dermal exposure during showering and bathing. Acute effects of THMs in drinking water are rare. In this study, nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) and Bimetallic Iron/Copper Nanoparticles were synthesized by liquid-phase reduction and used to remove THMs in actual drinking water from El Fustat plant including chloroform (CHCl3), bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl2), and dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl) . The effects of dosage, initial pH , contact time and temperature on removal efficiency were also studied. Scanning electron microscopy showed uniformly NZVI particles with diameters less than 100 nm and also Bimetallic Iron/Copper Nanoparticles were scanned by Scanning electron microscopy. The removal efficiency was enhanced with the increasing amount of NZVI, the optimum dosage was 1.5 g/l for NZVI and 0.5 g/l for bimetallic Iron/Copper Nanoparticles. The kinetics model of the removal of THMs was in agreement with a pseudo-first-order model. Bimetallic Iron/Copper Nanoparticles accelerated removal rate of THMs over NZVI alone by its higher reactivity. The degradation products were analyzed using gas chromatography which showed that dehalogenation of THMs by NZVI and Bimetallic Iron/Copper Nanoparticles followed the order of CHBr2Cl > CHBrCl2 > CHCl3. NZVI particles and bimetallic iron/cupper are a promising sustainable material for potential application in elimination of THMs from actual drinking water.