In this this study, 6 thought experiments, (3 from physics 3 from philosophy) in the history of science and philosophy) were analyzed in terms of hypothetico-creative reasoning skills through the 12 dimensional hypothetico-creative reasoning skills analysis form based on the hypothetico-creative reasoning skills inventory developed by Duran (2014). The participant in this study consists of 9 academicians working in Education Faculty of Ondokuz Mayıs University from different departments. They gave points for each sub-dimensions of thinking skills with some qualitative justification, then the data from these are analyzed for two ways. The average each points corresponding to each thinking skills are calculated and analyzed in accordance with themes created in accordance with their statements it was concluded that logical thinking skills in scientific thought experiments overwighted over philosophical ones. T.E’s (Thought Experiments) are evaluated to be hypothetic that is they are depended upon premises, and deduction. Secondly, T.E’s are conceived to be logical in terms of creativity.

To understand the genetic bias of optimized closed batch evolution (with reinforced H2O2-based triggers) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, the transcriptomic profiling of short-term 2nd generation-based biodegradation was carried out. Independent of bioprocess terms (whether batch/semi-batch or not), interestingly, the predominant patterns of 11 ligninolytic sets were generally analogous. In a view of evolutionary homeostatic stability, namely, it may mean that the immanent stress adaptations (under limited harsh circumstances) between the two terms are just alike. Moreover, the extensive unity of P. chrysosporium’s ligninolytic signals may be a very important part of downstream balance/competitiveness (for reducing monomers).

This study examines the financing of the budgets in the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the way how these countries are contributing to the European Economic Area (EEA).

Purpose: The prevalence of malnutrition among the elderly depends on the age, the nature of the geriatric population, and the techniques and cut-off values used in the diagnosis. The lowest percentage of malnourished, 3-12%, is observed for people living on their own. The prevalence of malnutrition is much higher among persons hospitalized or living in nursing homes, and amounts to 17-65% and 26-59%, respectively. Malnutrition affects many areas, causing malfunction of most organs and systems. Additionally, the results of recent studies suggest that protein or protein-energy malnutrition can significantly affect systemic iron homeostasis, leading to the development of anemia. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of protein malnutrition on the values of iron metabolism parameters (including prohepcidin concentrations), and selected inflammation markers in elderly patients with anemia.\nMaterial and methods: The study group consisted of 58 patients aged 65-91 years with a de novo diagnosis of micro-or normocytic anemia. Nutritional status of the patients was assessed based on the values of biochemical and anthropometric parameters.\nResult: In our study, there was no statistically significant difference between the concentrations of serum prohepcidin and the protein nutritional status. However, we did find that an increase in serum ferritin and CRP went parallel with the progression of malnutrition. In the case of patients with severe protein malnutrition, serum ferritin was up to 13-fold higher than in properly nourished individuals.\nConclusions: We observed that high concentrations of ferritin, CRP, and IL-6 indicate an increased activation of the inflammatory processes in the course of protein malnutrition.

The main reasons of fungal expansion in mural frescoes and wooden materials old churches are inappropriate indoor humidity and temperature and the spore’s germination can be controlled by regulation of these factors. Considerable number of post byzantine churches was analyzed for presence of fungi. Differential media were used: czapek dox agar (CZ), czapek yeast agar (CYA), malt extract agar (MEA), and czapek yeast 20% sucrose agar. Morphological features of colonies on above culture media as well as microscopically characteristics for the major strains were studied and then compared with those of known standards. In all indoor samples investigated, micro-fungi were predominant organisms, as demonstrated by the presence of variety of fungal structures, such as melanized hyphae, chlamydospores, fruiting bodies, as well as spores for sexual and asexual reproduction.

On 21 October 2013 a short-term heavy rainfall hit the Sturla Valley in the Ligurian Appenines (northwestern Italy). The Sturla Stream joins the Lavagna Stream in Carasco forming the Entella River. The Entella flows for eight kilometers towards the Ligurian sea between the towns of Chiavari and Lavagna in the Eastern Ligurian Riviera. The maximum elevation of the valley is the Mount Aiona (1695 m asl in the natural reserve called Aveto Regional Natural Park). The basin shows short watercourses and steep slopes typical of the Ligurian mountain. During the event the raingauge of Borzone (386 m asl) registered more than 180 mm in 2 hours. The hydrological event consisted in a flash flood in the lower stretch of the Sturla Stream and caused the collapse of a bridge in Carasco village provoking two fatalities, while many houses, infrastructures and business activities were damaged. Additionally the rainfall event triggered almost 100 shallow landslides. The objective of this study is to analyse the rainfall event and highlight the causal factors of floods and landslides risk and its recent increase. A rainfall and hydrometric analysis of the event was conducted. In addition, a climate analysis of the annual and maximum rainfall for the durations of 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours at the historical raingauge of Giacopane Dam was carried out. The series were analysed with a Mann-Kendall test. There was a statistically significant increase in the rainfall rate and the presence of significant trends showing an increase in the hazard. A multi-temporal comparison of different maps since 19th century and the comparison of land use variations in the 20th and 21st century has shown the progressive narrowing of the Sturla’s riverbed at the confluence with the Lavagna Stream, the urbanization of the floodplain, the abandonment of the cultivated terraces and the development of a scarcely efficient woodland for the floods and landslides protection. The Curve Number analysis method shows the variations occurred in the last 80 years. The basin drainage conditions is becoming less efficient so that general hydrological conditions worsened. Furthermore, the building of secondary or minor roads triggered shallow landslides which affected thin debris covers; these were largely remodelled in the past to built terrace cultivations which are now almost totally abandoned. This paper demonstrates that both land use variations and climate change have contributed to increase the hazard while urbanization increased the vulnerability of the area.

The study focuses on the climate change towards university students learning. The objectives of the study were to identify and discuss the climate change among students towards their learning. The subjects involved in the study consist of ten subjects from a class at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, South Korea. The subjects were interviewed based on the effect of climate change towards learning. The results of the study revealed that three subjects prefered the spring season, three subjects prefered the autumn season, two subjects preferd the summer season while two subjects prefered the winter season for learning or studying. The results of the study showed the effect of climate change revealed students’ preferences towards learning. It is hoped that further study will focus on climate change towards activities in the classroom to enhance learning.

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a clinical entity with a poor prognosis if not diagnosed and treated in time, with high rates of mortality and morbidity. The symptomatology variability requires decision support criteria for early diagnosis in emergency context.\nThis paper studies the contribution of CT angiography for the diagnosis of PTE and analyzes the results of 165 patients, in the emergency room of the CHA-Faro, with this clinical suspicion. Of a total of 165 patients with suspected PTE, 73 (44.2%) are women, 92 (55.8%) are men, 6 have less than 40 years (3.6%), 31 have between 40 and 60 years (21.8%) and 128 have more than 60 years (77.6%). The presence of PTE was confirmed in 26 (15.8%) patients, 15 male and 11 female. On average, 139 patients were not diagnosed with PTE and were subjected 6.10 mSv of radiation. The low percentage of confirmed cases in association with the radiation dose requires rethinking of the clinical criteria and the review of the diagnostic algorithm, improvement of the semiological knowledge, as well as the risk factors and treatment, to result in better prevention and greater efficiency of the use of CT angiography. The diagnosis of this pathology, as well as early drug administration, are decisive factors for the prognosis of each patient.