In this study, some microbiological analysis (total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, mould and yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, coliform bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella-Shigella) and some chemical analysis (pH, Acidity (passed from 67 ml/100 ml ethyl alcohol,%), Ash (%), dry matter (%), fat (%), salt (%) of a total 58 tarhana samples prepared traditionally at homes in Bilecik city were determined. TS 2282 Tarhana Standard is used as reference. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, mould and yeasts, coliform bacteria and lactic acid bacteria contents of tarhana; were 2.00-6.89 log cfu/g, <1.00-5.70 log cfu/g, <1.00-6.54 log cfu/g, 2.08-7.11 log cfu/g respectively and Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella-Shigella was not detected in none of the samples. According to the findings of this study; 6 (10.34%) samples were not appropriate in terms of coliform bacteria and 8 (13.79%) samples in terms of mould and yeasts according to Tarhana Standard of Turkish Standards Institution. The ratios of pH, acitidity (%), ash (%), dry matter (%), fat (%) and salt (%) of these tarhana samples were found in the range of 3.80–5.32, 7.25-17.50%, 1.15-10.03%, 82.86-97.67%, 0.35-8.14%, 2.55-9.01% respectively. The result of the obtained findings showed that 14 of the samples (24.14%) and 11 of the samples (18.97%) were not in accordance with TS2282 Tarhana standard of Turkish Standards Institute in terms of acidity and dry matter, respectively.

In this paper, one is interested in a method based partial differential equations (PDEs) for denoising images, the heat equation will selected for simplicity of his numerical scheme, Attention will be put on her nonlinear form, this nonlinear equation is called model of Perona-Malik the effectiveness of this model depends on the adjustment of the threshold parameter K of the conductance coefficient which is not thing easy to realize. We propose a strategy allowing to determine in an automatic way the threshold parameter K while fixing at started of algorithm the time t and the step of discretization temporal dt. After simulation of the model of Perona-Malik integrating our approach on images degraded by a noise of the Gaussian type, our model gives encouraging results compared with other techniques of the literature.

Clifford (1878) introduced his ‘geometric algebras’ as a generalization of Grassmann algebras, complex numbers and quaternions. Lipschitz (1886) was the first to define groups constructed from ‘Clifford numbers’ and use them to represent rotations in a Euclidean space. After presenting Clifford algebra and inertia, the inertia of platonic solids’s with Clifford algebra are defined. This calculations are applied to a Platonic solids, which are called as tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, ikosahedron and dodecahedron. Also, the vertices of Platonic solids presented in the Cartesian coordinates are calculated.

In dry farming regions research is going on world-wide to replace fallow by introducing suitable previous crops and improved tillage techniques in cropping systems in order to increase crop production. However, limited available soil water is decisive abstacle for fallow replacement in many regions. \nIn our research in Central Anatolia dryfarming location a crop rotation experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil tillage and previous crop on soil water content and wheat yield. The aim was to determine the suitable cropping and tillage system regard to soil water content and wheat production. Soil water content were measurement by “troxler” in each 10 cm depth for 0-90 cm soil profile. Datas were analyzed as statisticly for each dept of two years.\nAccording to the experimantal results, the highest soil water content and available soil water content was measured in fallow plots. The amount of water conserved during the fallow winter sown lentil period was not significantly affected by tillage systems. Wheat yield was significantly affected by previous crops and tillage systems. Yield of wheat under conventional tillage was higher than reduced tillage. And also, wheat yield after fallow was greater than after lentil but lentil + wheat grain yield is more benefical than fallow-wheat yield.

An ethnically diverse society faces the challenge of maintaining, if not fully achieving, harmonious society, peaceful environment and living in unity. In the case of multi-ethnic population, its society is further divided in terms of languages, customs, beliefs, faiths and ideologies. Since, none of non-Muslims are uncomfortable with the existence of ‘interest-free’ in Islamic finance inclusive of Real Estate Management (REITs), even numbers of them are directly involved in promoting it, looks ‘interest-free’ perhaps becomes an important factor to realize the harmony and make the unity come true. This study attempts to examine the interest-free system in fulfilling the needs of all people from different groups of faith and ideology towards achieving peace, harmony and social unity. It undergoes with various divine texts, diverse reasoning from influential people, wisdom of the prohibition of interest-based system and historical perspective against the usury. It is then found that ‘interest-free of Islamic finance’ would be considered as one of the leading factors to warrant harmony, peace and unity. All religions and faiths have been in line with the Islamic jurisdiction on ‘riba’ prohibition even though certain views have given excuses for riba but with certain conditions.

The antioxidant defence system of rabbitfish, marbled spinefoot (Siganus rivulatus) was assessed to study its relationship to the seasonal seawater pollution two areas in Alexandria, Egypt. The two areas were El-Mex and Abu-Qir Bays in comparison to the non-polluted area, the rocky coast between Kayet Bey Fork and El-Boughaz opening in the Eastern Harbor toward the open sea as control. Samples from rabbitfish were collected seasonally from the two polluted areas and from the non-polluted area. The activities of the enzymes were assayed in liver and white muscles of fish captured from the polluted and non-polluted areas. \nThe assayed enzymes in these tissues were the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), in addition to the reactive oxygen species producing enzymes, xanthine oxidase (XO) and aldehyde oxidase (AO). Non-enzyme antioxidant (thiols), total thiol (T-SH), protein thiol (P-SH) and non-protein thiol (Np-SH) levels were also assessed. There was a significant seasonal variation in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thiols and the reactive oxygen species producing enzymes in liver and white muscles, and gills. The status of the antioxidant system in liver and white muscles of rabbitfish either enzymatic or non-enzymatic can be considered as a sensitive bioindicator tool for environmental pollution in the polluted areas.

This study investigates the carbon sources and carbon sinks estimation, nexus and validation through Land use/land cover (LULC) change analysis of Bangkok Metropolitan Area (BMA), Thailand. Such novel approach with logical validating method would bring a diverse view to the climate change and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission related studies especially in metropolitan cities of developing countries. CO2 emission and sequestration data from 1987 to 2015 were collected and changes and rate of change in LULC were assessed through the analysis of satellite remote sensing images of 1987, 1995, 2005 and 2015. It was tried best to attain net gains and losses in carbon sources and sinks analyses. Results showed that carbon sources have been increased almost by 4-folds from 1987 to 2015 while sinks have been declined rapidly to half of its original amount since 1987. The gap between carbon sources and sinks is widening year by year which will, if continued, cover up the whole green spaces of BMA in next decade. LULC change results also verified and showed the same results and help validating such outcomes. Urban/built up areas have sprawled over the 60% of the BMA’s area while the remainder 40 % of the area is covered with agriculture, green spaces and water bodies. Furthermore, change rate of urban area is 157.4 sq.km from 2005-2015 which was 218 sq.km during 1995-2005. Therefore, policy makers of BMA should seriously chalk out green space and public parks expansion plans and implement immediately if to tackle with carbon emissions and climate change disquiets. Meanwhile, awareness regarding conservation of green areas, trees and use of public transport could be another set of bottom-up policies.

Contemporary cities should meet the needs of the modern human, while maintaining their architectural identity. This applies to all the cities around the world including the majority of Arab cities and capitals. \nIn contemporary cities, there is an increasing population growth which causes their expansion. Modern urban and commercial processes have expanded rapidly towards their cities’ historical center, and with the loss of the majority of the cities’ master plans, the relationship between the old and contemporary becomes an issue tackled in many researches, in addition to its social, economic and architectural effects. This makes us responsible for developing today’s cities for the future. As a result, the cities of the future must be based on a foundation, which ties the past, present and future through an advanced connective chain that meets all humans’ requirements in any era. Cities with no memory miss their past and, as a result, can’t dream of building their future, which makes them vulnerable and prone to destruction.\nThe aim of this research stems from the importance of finding a clear visualization for planning the architectural design for cities in the present and future. This plan puts us on the path of sustainable development, which satisfies the needs of the present and protects the future rights which preserves the past and makes a strong basis for the present and future. This leads us to the importance of studying the term “urban conservation”. \nThis research, through the use of an analytic supervisory approach of some successful and unsuccessful experiments, attempts to answer a number of questions, in order to reach some conclusions and recommendations. These questions are as follows: What is urban conservation? How do cities of historical depth deal with modern planning? What are our conclusions and recommendations?

Introduction:\nBirch pollen is one of the most common allergens. It is an important pathogenic factor. Allergy to pollen may show various clinical manifestations. Apart from the most common allergic rhinitis, symptoms from the upper and lower respiratory tract, skin, and the digestive system have been reported as well.\n\nMaterials and methods: \nThe study included 50 patients diagnosed with hypersensitivity to birch pollen or simultaneously occurring symptoms of allergy to birch and alimentary allergens (apple, carrot, celery, hazelnut). The patients were divided into two groups: the group with pollinosis (P) and the group with pollinosis and food allergy (PP). All patients underwent medical interview, physical examination, PRICK tests with allergens of birch, apple, carrot, celery and hazelnut. Statistical analysis was performed by means of the test for two proportions.\n\nResults: \nAll patients suffered from allergic rhinitis. Conjunctivitis was observed in 30% in group P, and 43.3% in group PP. Dyspnea was reported in 25% of patients with pollinosis and 36.7% of those with pollinosis and alimentary allergy. In both groups the same rate of urticaria was observed -10%. Patients in group PP most often did not tolerate apples. \nThe main manifestation after the ingestion of harmful products was OAS (oral allergy syndrome). Positive results of PRICK tests with allergens of apple, carrot, celery and hazelnut were found in both P and PP groups P, but more frequently in group PP.\n\nConclusions:\nAllergy to birch pollen may take different clinical forms. In the case of an inhaled allergy, PRICK tests are the most important .However, these tests have a minor diagnostic value in a food allergy.

An SEIV epidemic model with vaccination is considered. The analysis of four dimensional system of differential equations with a generalized non-linear incidence rate is presented. Using the basic reproduction number it is shown that there exists a unique endemic equilibrium which is globally asymptotically stable. Numerical examples are given to illustrate our results.

Background. The patients after ischemic stroke go through three periods of change in muscle tone. The main task of neurological rehabilitation is to normalize muscle tone in patients after ischemic stroke. \nObjective. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the muscle tone patients after ischemic stroke treated with kinesiotherapy methods.\nMethods. The study group consisted of 120 patients of both sexes after ischemic stroke, aged 40-87. Patients were matched randomly and divided into 3 groups of 40 people. standard kinesiotherapy was used in Group 1. In Group 2, standard kinesiotherapy combined with NTD-Bobath method was applied. In group 3 the patients were treated with standard kinesiotherapy and PNF method. Magnetostimulation (mat) using Viofor JPS System, Med & Life M3P2 program in the range from 1 to 6 was used in each group. The patients were evaluated on the basis of the MAS (Modified Ashworth Scale) before and after the 5-week treatment. \nResults. In all groups of patients a tendency to reduce muscle tone was noted when measured with the MAS. The level of statistical significance in each group before and after the treatment stood at p <0.001. No statistically significant result (p> 0.05) was observed between groups 1 and 3. The best result was obtained after treatment in group 2 and the worst in group 1.\nConclusion. The use of standard kinesiotherapy combined with NDT-Bobath method noticeably improves muscle tone in patients after ischemic stroke when compared to the other two treatment groups.