The aim of this study is to analyze the ocular muscle nerves and the ciliary ganglion of the cyprinid fish Garra tibanica. This fish was collected from Sysid and Wadi Al-Arge trabutery south Al-Taif Governorate, King Saudi Arabia, and has been undergone to a serious of permanent histological preparation to be willing for examination. The ocular muscle nerves comprise the nervi oculomotorius, trochlearis and abducens. The oculomotor nerve arises from the pars peduncularis mesencephalon of the brain and leaves the cranial cavity through its own foramen. It innervates four eye muscles; rectus superior, rectus inferior, rectus medialis and the obliquus inferior muscles. It carries pure somatic motor fibers and visceromotor (parasympathetic) ones. The ciliary ganglion has a sensory root or radix ciliaris longaand sympathetic one. It has no parasympathetic root or radix ciliaris brevis. One ciliary nerve arises from the ciliary ganglion. The trochlear nerve has its own foramen and carries pure somatic motor fibers to the superior obliquemuscle. The abducens nerve has a single root. It leaves the cranial cavity through a common foramen together with the ramus palatines facialis to enter the posterior eye muscle canal (posterior myodome). It carries pure somatic motor fibers to the rectus lateralis muscle.

In this paper, digital information is considered a basic in the science for scientific advancement and human knowledge. The currently huge digital information is one of the problems that facing scientists. The rough is one an important of topological methods used to reduce the knowledge and to reach decision rules. Moreover, the paper provided a new model that reduces the digital information uncertainty. This has been clarified through application given in this study.

In the carried out of researches were researched some essential oil plants included in the flora of Azerbaijan by the species composition of mycobiota, manifestation forms of ecolo-trophic relationships as well as the prevalence rate of fungi on individual plants. It was determined that in the formation of mycobiota of about 10 essential oil plants participates 52 species of fungi that depending of the plants 20,0-38,1% of them are allergens, 13,3-25,0% opportunistic and 40,0-54,5% toxigenic. In the formation of mycobiota of essential oil plants participates specific and universal species and most species included in the specific mycobiota of any plants causes this or that pathology in plants.

This study examined the separation and recovery of valuable metals within LMO (LiMn2O4) during its recycling from among cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries. LMO was processed using hydrogen reduction to separate lithium and manganese, and when the powder recovered after hydrogen reduction was separated into Li2O and MnO using phase separation, Li2O was concentrated in distilled water and recovered. Phase separation by hydrogen reduction begins at 800℃; complete phase separation occurred at 1050°C, where separation into Li2O and MnO was confirmed, and manganese oxide powder and lithium solution were recovered by mixing the powder mixture specimen into distilled water through stirring and filtration. Manganese content in recovered manganese oxide powder was 98.20 wt.%, and the lithium content in the solution was 1,928 ppm.

The Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks (WANETs) enable steady communication between moving nodes through multi-hop wireless routing path. The problem identified as, to improve the lifetime of the route and to reduce the need for route maintenance. This helps to save bandwidth and reduce the congestion control available in the network. This paper aims to focus on redesign and development of multicast stable path routing protocol with special features that handle to determine long-living routes in these networks. An extensive ns-2 simulation based performance has been analyzed of three widely recognized stability oriented wireless ad-hoc network routing protocols are Associativity Based Routing (ABR) protocol, Flow Oriented Routing Protocol (FORP) and Lifetime Route Assessment Based Routing Protocol (LRABP). The order of ranking the protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio, average hop count per route, end-to end delay per packet and the number of route transitions is followed.

Thanks to the booming development of Internet technologies and infrastructure, more and more people around the world nowadays are simply addicted to having everything done online. However, many people hesitate to enjoy the amazing convenience the Internet brings because they fear that online transactions of various kinds might be unsafe and subject to hacking as well as other sorts of online/offline attacks. To make things worse, as Internet technologies advance, new hacking techniques and novel forms of attacks also arise one after another. To free people of their fear and to better their user experience, we need to create new password authentication protocols that are more secure and lightweight. In recent years, smartcard-based password authentication schemes have form the mainstream, featuring their extremely lightweight, easily portable devices and low cost applications. Not long ago, Islam identified about security vulnerabilities of Li et al.’s authentication scheme and offered an enhanced version to fix the problems. In this article, we will highlight that Islam’s scheme also has its security flaws, and then we will propose a strengthened scheme instead. Compared with several similar protocols, our new scheme proves to be more secure and efficient.

To take apart the non-cellulose dependent transcriptomic pools controlled by long-term large-scale Phanerochaete chrysosporium biosystem, the semicontinuous fermentations with two lignocellulosic substrates (either rice straw (RS) or alkali-lignin (AL)) were complementarily performed based on the well-known process optimizations by statistical control. Concretely, the significance of the top 49 signals regarding either Class 2 or 4 was confirmed as either P < 0.01 or 0.01 ≤ P < 0.05, and their indispensable influence in whole-cell biodegradation metabolism was almost 92% of the total equally regardless of AL-based or RS-based program. Furthermore, similar to previous downscale-based upstream results, interestingly, the practical stabilities of the current versions were kept in good repair. It is a significant report that will be valuable to 2nd-generation energy’s researchers, especially in both metabolic engineering and consolidated bioprocessing.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main problems of both developing as well as developed countries. Cardiovascular diseases and high blood pressure are correlated. Cardiovascular diseases can result from many factors and hypertension is one of them. The rennin angiotensin system is an important regulatory mechanism for maintaining normal blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte balance, and angiotensin enzyme (ACE) is a key enzyme in this system. This gene catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II which is a potent vasopressor. This study was made to investigate whether the ACE I/D polymorphism is associated with cardiovascular diseases or not. A total of 80 blood samples were taken in which 40 were heart patients and 40 were taken as a control. Among 40 patients, 25 were males and 15 were females. DNA was isolated from the whole blood and then nested polymerase chain reaction was carried out to identify the banding pattern for ACE I/D polymorphism. There was a quite difference between the frequency of deletion (DD) and insertion/deletion (ID) of patients and controls. The frequency of ID was 12.5% whereas the frequency of DD genotype was 87.5% while all the controls showed 100% DD genotype. It was concluded that there exists a significant relationship between cardiovascular diseases and ACE I/D polymorphism.

Background and purpose: Neck pain (NP) is second only to low back pain as the most common musculoskeletal disorder in population surveys and primary care. The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of NP and to investigate the effect of neck exercises on NP in students and employees of the College of Applied Medical Science at Taif University in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: One hundred male participants were recruited for the study. They were asked to fill the Oswestry NP disability questionnaire. The participants that were complained of NP divided into two groups. Group A (exercised group) and group B (without exercise). Results: Descriptive statistics was used to estimate the prevalence of NP. It was found equal 30%. Student t-test was used to determine significance difference between the groups. Group A showed significant decrease (P=0.001) in pain and disability post-treatment. Conclusion: the prevalence of self-reported mechanical NP was found to be 30 %. It was also found that NP was associated with mobile and computer use mainly. It is also concluded that McKenzie neck exercises is very useful in decreasing pain and disability for those suffering from mechanical NP.

As day to day technology is playing a major role in a person’s life, it may be business, education, shopping or banking transactions everything on the cyber space. Securing the information have become one of the biggest challenge in the present days. The growth of social media has resulted in an increase in online crimes or Cyber Crimes. In case of Saudi Arabia, the cyber-attacks increased because of regional conflicts and low level awareness about cyber security, and also the perception of Saudi Arabia being extremely wealthy. This paper identifies the importance and impact of cybercrime keeping in mind the recent activities that have taken place in Saudi Arabia. And described about the cyber security and its emerging trends and latest Technologies along with the policies planned and implemented by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. But Cyber Crimes also will increase along with the technological advances. The present paper reviews the current solutions to deal with the alarming rise in online crimes in Saudi Arabia with few case studies and have been discussed some innovative suggestions for future cyber security

With the help of immunochemical (luminometric) and immunoenzymatic methods of blood plasma analysis of 1 - and 2-month-old rats and rabbits were determined ACTH and TSH before and after hypoxia(20 minutes breathing in the chamber with a mixture of gases 85% N2 and 15% O2).\nIt was revealed that in 1-month-old animals at the onset of hypoxia ACTH, strongly increases reaction of damped:by the 5th day of the experiment, ACTH reduced to normal. TSH in these animals insignificantly increases only from the 3rd day of the experiment. 2 -months animals, both ACTH and TSH, withstand more significant concentration changes in the course of the whole experience.\nIt was concluded that, characteres activation of anterior hypophysis during moderate hypoxia is specificin relation to the production of tropic hormones and depends on the species and age of the animal. It is assumed that, the increase in ACTH and TSH producing functions of the anterior pituitary gland under hypoxia probably has the character of a stress reaction and adaptive directionality.

This paper proposes “a Controller Area Network Lightweight Security Protocol (CANLSP) for an Autonomous Vehicle’s safety to prevent the accidents caused by hackers”. It consists of the following 3 modules. The first designs a Group Key Generation Module (GKGM) which generates a Group Key between ECUs without key distribution. The second designs a MAC Generation Module (MGM) which generates MAC with an AES-CCM Algorithm and an XOR-Folding technique. The third designs an Authentication and Message Verification Module (AMVM) which authenticates ECU nodes and also verifies message integrity. This paper shows that in case of 50 ECUs, the key generation time without key distribution by the GKGM is reduced more than an existing private key distribution method by 84.21ms. In addition, it guarantees real time vehicle driving because the message encryption/decryption and authentication processing time is 3.34ms. Therefore, this paper provides confidentiality, integrity, and replay attack prevention for the communication security between ECUs.

The geographical distribution of river basins with unstable formation of the probability regime of the long-term annual and maximum spring flood runoffs was identified for the Arctic region of Russia. Instability is understood as obtaining unreliable, tending to infinity solutions of the model of initial statistical moments generated by approximating the Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation (FPK). The possibility of using one-dimensional probability distributions to estimate the runoff characteristics of the river basins in the Arctic region is explained.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of combined exercise on the PSV/CLD ratio in overweight and obese women.\nMethods: A total of 60 overweight and obese adult women, aged 19 – 64, were divided into a control group (n = 30) and a combined exercise group (n = 30). The 24‐week combined aerobic and resistance exercise program consisted of 50-minute sessions 4 days per week. Body composition, physical function, and carotid variables were assessed. The differences in the variables and the relative changes between baseline and the 24-week follow-up data were evaluated.\nResults: Body fat percentage, waist circumference, grip strength, and the 20-meter shuttle run test were significantly interaction (p < 0.001), and the sit and reach was significantly interaction (p < 0.004). The PSV/CLD ratio and carotid compliance (CAC) were significantly interaction (p = 0.022, p = 0.034, respectively). In the exercise group, the PSV/CLD ratio and CAC significantly increased after the 24-week intervention (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively). The other carotid variables were not found to have statistically significant interactions.\nConclusion: Our results confirm that combined exercise has beneficial effects on the PSV/CLD ratio and CAC in overweight and obese women. Furthermore, our results suggest that the increase in the PSV/CLD ratio and CAC achieved with this combined exercise program may prevent atherosclerosis in adult women.

According to the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, universal primary education is to be achieved worldwide for both genders by 2015. By this it is meant that boys and girls everywhere will be able to successfully complete a full course of primary schooling. The present investigation looked at universal primary education in light of UN Millennium Development Goals in the context of Africa. Specifically, it examined primary education for the past thirty years developmentally in expansion and enrolments. The sample comprised 15 African Union countries selected from five major geographical regions of Africa, linguistically represented by French, English and Arabic. The results showed that most participating countries have achieved universal primary education ahead of schedule. Thus satisfying the deadline of 2015.