Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a supportive and life-saving therapy, however, it can cause ventilator-induced lung injury as a common complication. Thus, recruitment manoeuvres (RM) are applied to open the collapsed alveoli to ensure sufficient alveolar surface area for gas exchange. In the light of fact that positive pressure ventilation is currently the standard treatment to improve pulmonary function, extrathoracic negative pressure is considered as an alternative form of respiratory support. The aim of the study was to estimate the proinflammatory and oxidative response during MV and lung injury as well as the response after RM. All studied parameters were assessed at the following time points: T1-spontaneous breathing, T2- MV, T3- lung injury, T4 –RM. During MV (T2) elastase, MPO, ALP release, nitrite and superoxide generation significantly increased, whereas in later measurements a decrease in these values has been shown. The MDA plasma concentration significantly (p<0.05) increased at T2, reaching the level of 13.30±0.87 nmol/ml, at other time points the values obtained were similar to the baseline value of 9.94±0.94 nmol/ml, whereas the gradual decrease in SOD activity at time T2-T4 points in comparison with the baseline value was found. During experiment both neutrophil activity and oxidative stress indicate exacerbated response after MV and lung injury by bronchoalveolar lavage, however, extrathoracic negative pressure system as the MR ameliorates damaging changes which could further lead to serious lung injury.

Degraded document Image processing is special area of Document Image Analysis (DIA) providing a platform for researchers in the recent period. Binarization is the primary step in document image processing to identify the object information from the background of an image. In the degrade documents binarization is used for separating object information from the noisy background of an image. Due to the nonlinear variation in the pixel intensities of the original document, either global or local thresholding methods are used. In this approach to find the pixels that are likely associated with background information, during the separation of object information. In this context we propose a technique which is based on the complement of the original image. By using this technique ancient text documents and palm leaf manuscripts are evaluated and finally the qualities of the resultant images are evaluated by different qualitative metrics.