Generation of communications networks demands, real-time localization and position-based services that are accurate, low cost, energy-efficient and reliable [26,35]. Every day, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) technique can be used in many applications, such as targets tracking, natural resources realization, monitoring in difficult reachable places ….etc. In these applications, the information is collected and transferred by the sensor nodes. many applications request these sensor nodes’ location information. Moreover, the location information is also necessary for geographic routing protocols and clustering [25,26]. All these mentioned above make localization algorithms important in WSNs services. Due to that, locations of sensor nodes are important for operations in WSNs.\n In the simplest way localization mean identifying the location of the node. In WSN distribution of nodes will be randomly in a huge area, also to overcome high coast little number of sensors can be connected to GPS (nodes with known positions). it is important to determine the place which has an unstable environment under hard constraints. Global Positioning nodes (GPS) are not always possible GPS cannot work indoors, and power consumption is very high. Other sensor nodes estimate their distances to anchor nodes and calculate positions with multi-literation techniques. These methods provide a different level of accuracy with a small proportion of anchor nodes in WSNs [19,20]. The sensor nodes are randomly placed in unreachable positions by the vehicle robots or aircrafts to be used in many promising applications, such as health surveillance, battlefield surveillance, environmental monitoring, coverage, routing, location service, target tracking, and rescue [29].\n Localization algorithms can be classified into two categories which are range free and range based. Various localization algorithms and methodologies have been proposed to deal with different problems in different applications.\n This chapter discusses the techniques used in localization and compares them to illustrate the choice of technique used in the network depend upon the application request.

Glossodynia after mastication was a rare complication in giant cell arteritis. An entity in which both temporal and rheumatic polymyalgia may be included as two different manifestations of the same pathologic process. The case of presentation was a 55 year old female patient who had glossodynia after mastication and she was presented to our dental clinic for treatment. We reviewed possible clinical manifestations of glossodynia and temporal arteritis in the world literature.

Background & Aims Liver plays a pivotal role in regulating various physiological processes in the body such as metabolism, secretion and storage. Prolonged administration of carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) causes increase in concentration of serum hepatic enzymes and also leads to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma. Methods: We induced 1st stage of liver fibrosis and evaluated effects of treatment with drugs sorafenib , sorafenib plus taurine, in addition to sorafenib plus tiopronine on the liver fibrosis by biochemical and histological investigations. Results: Liver fibrosis was induced in rats with CCL4, and the effects of sorafenib, sorafenib plus taurine and sorafenib plus tiopronine in rats were monitored. Biochemical parameter and histological changes showed that sorafenib plus taurine treatment reduced liver fibrosis and was associated with a significant decrease in intrahepatic fibrogenesis, hydroxyproline accumulation and collagen deposition from ways biochemical parameter and histological changesConclusions: Treatment of liver fibrosis using Sorafenib in addition to taurine induces improvement in biochemical parameter and histological changes more than sorafenib or Sorafenib plus tiopronine. These findings revealed that the use of Sorafenib plus taurine may have a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of liver fibrosis.

Background: These days, life is characterized by technological advances, speed, dramatic changes in lifestyle as well as women\'s work and other factors that may have an impact on nutritional status. Objective: The study aimed to find the differences in the dietary habits, living conditions, lifestyle and economical status between the female students of two Saudi universities differ in location. Methods: A total 2000 female participants enroll in this study from two Saudi Arabia Universities were aged from 19–25 years. Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University students (n=1000) in Wadi Al-Dawasir and Umm Al-Qura University students (n=1000) in Makkah were completed a self-electronic questionnaire, the questionnaire divided into four different categories regarding to demographic characteristic, dietary habits, food frequencies, lifestyle and living condition. Data were analyzed using (SPSSv23) statistical software. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the characteristics of parametric variables were analyzed using t-test. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences in dietary habits, food frequency, life style and living condition (p< 0.05) between both universities’ students Conclusion: The different in geographical location between Makkah and Wadi Al-Dawasir region and the variations of economic status between two groups make one of them an advantage over the other in the nutritional habits, eating patterns and life style and living condition among both universities’ students.