Jokull Journal

Title	Hepatoprotective Effects of Allium sativum, Trigonella and Brassica oleracea Plant Extracts against Pathological Changes Induced in Hyperthyroidimic Rats
Paper ID	TZPK4
Keywords	hyperthyroidism, liver, Allium sativum, Trigonella, Red cabbage
Abstract	Read More... Abstract Background: Hyperthyroidism is associated with abnormalities of the liver and many common antioxidant plants such as Allium sativum (Garlic), Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) and Brassica oleracea (Red cabbage) have numerous beneficial health effects and used in the treatment of many different diseases in folkloric medicine. Aim of work: the present study was prepared to illustrate the protective effect of garlic, fenugreek and red cabbage in addition to the mixture of both garlic and fenugreek against hyperthyroidism induced by L-thyroxin in rats. Materials and methods: thirty-six albino rats were divided into six groups. Group I: The healthy control rats received tap water and sacrificed after 15 days. Group II: normal rats were subcutaneously injected with 500 ?g/kg./day L-thyroxine for 15 days to induce hyperthyroidism. Groups III-V: hyperthyroid rats received an oral dose of 220, 500 and 100 mg/kg/day garlic, fenugreek and red cabbage respectively for 15 days. Group VI: hyperthyroid rats received a mixture of both garlic and fenugreek extracts for 15 days at the same studied doses. At the end of the experiment, liver tissue samples were collected for histopathological, histochemical and ultarstructural studies. Results: hyperthyroid rats had severe cellular degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolization, cellular infiltrations and marked dilatation of blood vessels. This result is confirmed with extreme histochemical changes in liver tissues. Ultrastructural results revealed severe ultrastructure changes for most hepatic cell organelles including irregular nuclei, loss of cytoplasmic electron density, fragmented endoplasmic reticulum, condensed mitochondria and numerous scattered ribosomes. The hyperthyroidimic and plant treated rats revealed a marked improvement compared to hyperthyroidimic rats. Conclusion: This study concluded that Allium sativum (G), Trigonella (T) and Brassica oleracea (R) in addition to the mixture of both Allium sativum and Trigonella plants have a considerable protective effect against hyperthyroidism. Our results suggested that the ameliorative effects of these plant extracts may be due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of these plants in combating free radical induced oxidative stress and tissue injury resulting from hyperthyroidism.
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Title	Impact of Allowed Heat through Variant Window-to- Wall Ratio of Openings of Historical and Heritage Buildings on Thermal and Ventilation Performance
Paper ID	oqgH3
Keywords	CFD; thermal comfort; ventilation comfort; air flow; WWR; heritage buildings; energy\nefficiency
Abstract	Read More... Considering the vernacular-architecture criteria pertaining to window openings is\nvaluable for occupants’ thermal and ventilation comfort when planning for the construction of local\nbuildings. This reflects strategies of heritage and ancient buildings with regard to weather\nconditions that could still be applicable today. This study aims to examine the thermal and\nventilation performance with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation tool for spaces\nduring sunrise. Air-flow movement and temperature distributions were calculated and evaluated\nfor specific interior spaces selected from buildings in Al Dhafeer village, the Bin Rogosh Palace, and\nThee Ain village, which are the most prominent structures in the Al Baha region. Each interior space\nwas allocated an occupied zone through a head, foot, front, and back rake, as well as one along the\ncenter of the zone for predicting temperature distribution and air flow around the zone. Thus, the\nproduced data could be utilized by designers and engineers for future design and construction.\nDiscussing old strategies of thermal and ventilation comfort could greatly impact design criteria to\nachieve appropriate interior thermal and air-flow levels. The assessment revealed that, for future\nbuildings in the Al Baha region, identification of thermal and ventilation comfort must be done\nthrough a minimum 3.2% window-to-wall ratio (WWR) optimization and an average room area of\n22 m2 until the required level is reached after considering window-layer specifications. Due to\nlimitations of other possible types of window material and air-venting resources, as well as\nreflection and absorption factors, results were only for evaluating the WWR. Work in this paper is\ncritical for establishing a comfortable strategy for future buildings.
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