Gem-quality blackish-speckled multi-colored opal (SiO2+nH2O) (a microcrystalline quartz variety) strata with an economic mining potential have been the first time found in an ooze depositional environment in a lacustrine basin with sporadic marine inputs in the Seydiler (Afyon) region of Turkey. The Seydiler ooze consists of essential diatomite (siliceous), less chalk (calcareous), tuffite (fuller�s earth), and marl (clayish calcareous) strata. Because some over silica-rich diatomite strata forms transforming into both gem and common opaline-quartz [opal-CT (cristobalite/tridymite) and opal-C] strata up to 80 cm in thickness during the diagenesis throughout the Miocene Period, the existence of unusual opal ore makes the Seydiler ooze deposit valuable and unique other than ooze deposits all over both Turkey and the world. Therefore, scientific interest gives to an investigation of these opals. Modern mineralogical, gemmological, and geochemical characteristics, and also the mining potential of the Seydiler gem opals, have been identified in detail, using XRF, ICP-AES, XRD, FT-IR, DC�R spectroscopies. In the region, the Miocene-aged sedimentary sequence occurs from the straight stratiform and intercalated ooze (diatomite and chalk, opal, vitreous), tuffite, and marl members. However, the sequence was taken place in a palaeo-lacustrine basin is substantially covered in the area, but its conjectural spread in the study area has been disclosed, underlying a metamorphic basement and overlying an ignimbrite and basaltic (some andesitic) lava cover in the region. The opal-bearing oozes are related to the geological foundation and physico-chemical conditions of diagenesis. The blackish-speckled reddish brown-green- and yellowish green-colored types of the Seydiler gem opals are the most abundant in the strata, and then they are representative blocks and have economic significance regarding mining potential.It is state that, according to oxygen isotope analyses (V-SMOW) in this study, the representative reddish brown-green opal (with ?18O =24.40�, ?D (�) =193) and yellowish-green opal (with ?18O = 25.03 �, ?D (�) =189) suggest that the Seydiler gem opal (opal-CT) strata in ooze deposit are formed from the over silica-rich diatomite strata at upper levels during a diagenesis at medium temperature of around 51-53�C.

Character Recognition (CR) has been an active area of research and due to its diverse applicable environment it continues to be a challenging research topic in the handwritten recognition process. Feature extraction plays an important role in different classification based problems such as face recognition, signature verification, optical character recognition (OCR) etc. Different feature extraction methods are designed for different representations of the characters. In this paper a comparative analysis for feature extraction using principal component analysis (PCA) and Eigen feature regularization and extraction (ERE) is proposed. The ERE algorithm reduce the occurrence of false detection. Back propagation neural network is combined with ERE features for recognition of characters. The proposed algorithm has been successfully implemented and has the added advantage of obtaining the extraction and recognition result the same time

In the introduction of this paper some definitions of the fiscal pressure are highlighted, also known as tax rate or tax level, as well as some means to determine it at the level of the country, economic entity or individual. In the following lines, a case study is presented on determining the tax pressure to a commercial company between 2008 - 2012. The conclusions have focused on highlighting the influence that the tax pressure may have on the economic entity’s financial decisions.

A large number of interactive queries are being executed day by day. The user expects for an answer without no time after the execution. Even in scientific executions the user needs the intial query results for analysis without waiting for the entire process to complete. The state-of-art join algorithms are not ideal for this settings as most of the algorithms are hash/sort based algorithms, which requires some pre-work before it can produce the results. We propose a new join algorithm, Maximized Result Rate Join Algorithm (MRR), which produces the first few results without much delay. It also produces the maximum join query results during the early stage of the join operation; this is achieved by exploiting the histogram, which is available in database statistics. Histogram provides the frequency of the attribute in a table. The tuples which have high frequency of occurances are joined during the early stages of the join operation. Further using the histogram, the join operation can be terminated when the required matching tuples are obtained. This improves the overall join performance. Experiment results shows that the new MRR join algorithm produces 60% more resultant tuples than the hash and sort-merge join algorithms. It also produces the result 30%-35% early than the traditional join algorithms.

More than 2 million tons of agricultural wastes are produced annually in\nMalaysia. These agricultural wastes provide feedstock for biochar production, which\ncontributes insignificant net carbon dioxide to the atmosphere after soil incorporation.\nThree kinds of primary biochar were used in this study, namely, empty fruit bunch\nbiochar (EFB), wood biochar (WB), and rice husk biochar (RHB). EFB and WB were\nproduced by slow pyrolysis, whereas RHB was produced by gasification. This study\naimed to investigate the influence of slow pyrolysis and gasification methods on\nbiochar chemical characteristics and short-term soil stability. Results showed that the\nkinetic parameters of C mineralization, which was calculated by fitting the three-pool\nkinetic model to evolved CO2–C under field conditions, suggested a tri-phasic Cmineralization\nprocess (labile, unstable, and recalcitrance carbon). Our estimates\nreflected the existence of a very labile C fraction in RHB with a very small decay\nconstant K3. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction showed the\nthree phase transitions of the biochars from the microcrystalline C of the labile\nfraction to the largely amorphous intermediate C of the unstable fraction and\nformation of turbostratic crystallite C in the recalcitrant fraction. We concluded that\nEFB and WB decomposed faster than RHB. Therefore, RHB was a suitable option for\nC sequestration in soil.

The paper is focused on the identification of Marketing Intelligence techniques implemented in order to achieve a superior positioning on the eco-label food products niche market. The research is performed on a sample of Romanian retailers of eco-label food products. The empirical study analyzes the main sources of gathering data about their competitors, the reasons for monitoring the strategic options of their competitors, the specific instruments of Marketing Intelligence used within the framework of differentiation strategies as well as the results of the relationship marketing policies application with a view to improving their performances. The research outlines several positioning opportunities based on a relevant dataset which can be used with the view of making the target consumers aware of the added-value of these products as concerns a healthier nutrition.

We present the case of a 30 years old patient (male) victim of a high speed car crush assisted by ED Craiova. Coma, severe head trauma, serious chest trauma with multiple rib fractures, bilateral lung contusions, pericardial fluid, multiple spine and pelvic unstable fracture, medullar injury, progressive shock, paroxysmal cardiac dysrhythmias. Increased levels of CKMB with atipical evolution for a myocardial contusion. Two cardiopulmonary arrest (asystole), both resuscitated.\nTaking into account the kinematics and severity of thoracic trauma, myocardial contusion was the first diagnostic hypotheses, but it was also considered the possibility of an acute coronary syndrome, toxicologic ethyology and the spinal cord damage as causes of cardiogenic shock and cardiac rhythm disturbance. \nThe association of neurotrauma, haemorrhage and pulmonary contusion limited treatment of an potential acute coronary syndrome, fast volume replacement and the possibilitys to assist ventilation, in context of shock and risk of secondary brain and spinal injury.\nSpecifying these contingencies determined the management orientation for both possible primary reperfusion and advanced management for neurotrauma.