In Egypt and countries characterized by the presence of high temperatures weather, they suffer from heat island effect on the asphalt layers such high temperatures has a negative effect and lead to damage in the waxy asphalt layers, where temperatures on asphalt surface layer reaches more than 50ºC in hot summer days. \nThe main goal of this study is to reduce the asphalt layers temperature to decrease the effect of heat on the waxy asphalt so improve the waxy asphalt concrete properties and also to harvest the heat temperature stored in the asphalt layers to be used in generating energy that can be used in roads lighting.\n\nThe experiment was carried out by cutting a sample from the asphalt surface layer and binder layers in one of the roads in the residential city of new Minya city, with a length of 50 cm and 30 cm in width and thickness of 5 cm in the surface layer and 5 cm in the binder layer. \n an Asphalt slab has been designed and implemented in Ain Shams university lab with 5 cm thickness of Binder layer and 5 cm of surface layer and a length of 50 cm and width of 30 cm replaced the cutted sample, also a thermal simulation model was used using fANSYS 17.2 was used to determine the thermal changes in the slab.\n\nThe sample implemented replaced the cutted section for the 5cm thickness from surface layer and 5 cm for the binder layer, between the surface layer and the binder layer a network of copper tubes was installed to collect heat stored during the experiment using water as a coolant solution .\nA thermal camera was used during the experiment to show the temperature change of the asphalt surface layer during the flow of water inside the pipes and to indicate the effectiveness of the technology in decreasing the surface temperature during the experment and to indicate the amount of energy harvested and an Avometer was used to measure the amount of electric energy generated during the experiment.\nThe harvested energy can be used as a supplemental source of energy as the daily energy of the prototype yield up to 10W/h per meter using thermoelectric generator to supply a stored electric energy for LED street lighting poles this technology can be used instead of using solar power in street lighting, It also help improving the asphalt concrete mix properties by cooling the waxy asphalt layer thus prevent asphalt rutting during summer in hot weather countries.
This study presents a speed controller design for a switched reluctance (SR) motor in order to achieve minimum torque ripple and high control performance. First of all, SR motor convertor designed for soft chopping is chosen. This converter as well as producing less torque ripple, provides more degrees of freedom for SR motor drive controller. A PID, Fuzzy PID, Neural Networks controller and a switching algorithm for turn-on and turn-off degree of each phase of motor form speed control loop of SR motor drive. The primary parameters of controller are achieved by trial and error. But eventually an optimization algorithm to reach the goals and constraints in different set points is defined and its parameters are optimized with a Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant colony Optimization (ACSO). This algorithm optimized the turn-on and turn-off degrees of each phase, the parameters of PID controller in transient state, and parameters of PID controller that considered for reducing the torque ripple in steady state. An Comparative study of the all the models and best among the controllers is proposed. The proposed control algorithm was simulated using MATLAB / Simulink software package and an application example of 6/4 SRM to validate the performance of designed algorithm.
This Paper presents a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method for determining the optimal proportional-integral derivative (PID) controller parameters, for speed control of a linear brushless DC motor. The proposed approach has superior features, including easy implementation, stable convergence characteristic and good computational efficiency. The brushless DC motor is modeled in Simulink and the PSO algorithm is implemented in MATLAB. Comparing with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method, the proposed method was more efficient in improving the step response characteristics such as, reducing the steady-states error; rise time, settling time and maximum overshoot in speed control of a linear brushless DC motor. The ACSA approach has superior features, including easy implementation, stable convergence characteristic and good computational efficiency. The brushless DC motor is modeled in Simulink and the ACSA is implemented in MATLAB. Comparing with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method, the proposed method was more efficient in improving the step response characteristics such as, reducing the steady-states error; rise time, settling time and maximum overshoot in speed control of a linear brushless DC motor.
This paper deals with speed control of motor using two soft computing techniques. PMSM widely used in high performance motion control applications. The field-oriented or vector control is used in the design of PMSM to achieve smooth starting and acceleration. In practical application lead to degradation of the performance due to electromechanical parameter variations and external load disturbances. To improve performance of the PMSM, Fuzzy-PID with ACO and PSO based advanced control technique with methods are proposed. The proposed approach is to enhance the control effort of PMSM using soft computing techniques. Artificial intelligence techniques have been incorporated in the controller architecture to overcome the maximum settling time and rise time problems.
This paper proposes evaluation model for building Learning Content Management System (LCMS) in Riyadh City universities. A literature and a practical survey of web development methodologies have been conducted to identify LCMS readiness in Riyadh city universities. The framework is evaluated by e-learning AHP evaluation model, which is proposed by Francesco Colace in 2006. The evaluation model is evaluating four main features (management, collaborative approach, Management of interactive learning objects and Adaptation of learning path). Every feature involves, in their determination, some sub-features. The results of evaluation model are outlined as follows: Total weights of the proposed framework in management feature is 16.7/25, in collaborative feature is 9/10, in adaption learning path is 5.5/10 and in interactive learning object is 5/5. The total weights of all features are 36.2/50. In this study an evaluation model was applied on Riyadh City universities like KSU, IMAMU, NAUSS, YU, KFU and PSU. Then, the results were compared with each other. The total weighs of each of KSU and PSU was 41. While the total weights of KFU, IMAMU, YU and NAUSS was 40, 37,36 and 32, respectively. Evaluation process shows that the proposed framework satisfied the objectives and the required functions of this work.
The development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) has significantly improved the quality of personal health care whilst enhancing the quality of life. A critical factor in the acceptance of WBANs is providing appropriate security and privacy protection of the wireless communication. It is a challenge to implement traditional security infrastructures in these types of lightweight networks, since they are by design limited in both computational and communication resources. \n In this paper, we propose to use the QRS Complex to generate and distribute securely and efficiently symmetric session keys to constituent sensors in WBAN with very high fidelity of key recoverability.
More personal software is our permanent goal. This means that more people should be\nconcerned with cryptography. We think that the encoding of cryptographic algorithms is an\nimportant step in it.\nIn this paper, our choice is encoding operation “Point doubling” on an Elliptic curve, over\nfinite field Fp (E(FP)), where p is odd prime, in order to intensify interest in ECC-Ellipse\ncurve cryptography.
XACML is an XML-based language for access\ncontrol that has been standardized by OASIS (Organization\nfor the Advancement of Structured Information Standards).\nXACML describes both an access control policy language that\nare ABAC and an access control decisions (request/response)\nlanguage. Although XACML is recognized as a precise and\ncomplete policy description method, the structure of an XACML\npolicy is complex and users need to understand XACML well\nand writes down the verbose policy all by hand, which make\nXACML difficult to master and use. In this paper, we present\na comprehensive description of XACML to support the future\nresearch and development work.
Literature on soil erosion dynamics in abandoned farmlands of varying ages is not readily available. A study was carried out to evaluate the rate of sediment production in abandoned farmlands of 5yr-old and 3yr-old in a part of the rainforest zone in southern Nigeria. Measurements of 61 rainfall producing runoff and 54 rainfall producing sediment were carried out from the months of March to November in 2012 rainy season. Soil textural information showed that the 5yr-old fallow was silt loam, while soil in the 3yr-old fallow was sandy loam. The study showed that rainfall was the principal contributing factor of soil erosion on the fallow plots, and that greater proportion of the rainwater was absorbed by soil on the 3yr-old fallow plot due to its dense undergrowths (ground cover) and good soil structure. There were significant differences in the amount of runoff and sediment loss between the fallow plots (P<0.01). The high erosional loss on 5yr-old fallow plot was attributed to the canopy gaps that characterized its vegetation cover and scanty undergrowths as well as its clayey nature. The study concluded that vegetation on the 5yr-old fallow was not adequate in suppressing soil erosion. Stepwise regression identified rainfall as the primary cause of runoff on the 5yr-old fallow, while on the 3yr-old fallow plot, rainfall and crown cover were identified. For sediment loss, girth and ground cover were the prime causes on the 5yr-old fallow, while on the 3yr-old fallow, rainfall was the sole factor. The study revealed that vegetation cover alone did not afford the soil adequate cover, but the percentage of undergrowth (ground cover). Thus, to reduce soil erosional losses, the study suggested that fallow land with scanty ground cover should be managed through planted fallow and mulching.