Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) occurs due to different reasons and much money allocated to its consequences. prevalence of LDH in different parts of the world is due to and affected by local specialties such as financial, cultural, behavioral and occupational features, as well as, life style. The present study intends to evaluate prevalence of LDH in Bandar Abbas- Iran, correlation factors. In this study evaluated patients who referred to the ShahidMohammadi with complain of backache. Age, sex, stature, weigh, job and living area were recordedmedical history containing weight loss, history of fever, incontinency, trauma, systemic disease, child birth, section operation, anesthetics usage and positive family history were recorded. With report of MRI, presence or absence of LDH were considered. In contrast 65.7% reports positive LDH. There were significant relationship between LDH and occupation, living area and high BMI (p<0.05). The most severe type of LDH reported bulging, the radiation of pain stated in thigh and hip mostly (65.9 %). LDH is a multi factorial disorder which could be affected by different variables such as demographic and social specialties. The present study emphasized on the prevalence of LDH in a particular population. And revealed specific risk factor of LDH due to the population differences which cannot be considered in other studies. It finally suggested that LDH is not affected by a fixed set of risk factors worldwide and more study is required to determine the LDH pattern and risk factors in each community.

Unplanned pregnancy is one the most severe public health risk which affects many women all around the world. Surveys indicated among 210 million pregnancies that occur throughout the world each year 38% are unintended. In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 305 female were selected using cluster sampling design from women referred to health centers of Bandar Abbas city where is located in south of Iran. The data was analyzed using chi-square, fisher exact test, odds ratio and multiple logistic regression in SPSS 16. The prevalence of unwanted pregnancy was reported 42.3% in this study. Based on logistic regression, spouse’s age, gravidity, experiencing unwanted pregnancy and marriage duration was significant factors on unwanted pregnancy. The results of this study show the importance of improving contraceptive usage among women aged between 20 and 29, which are more vulnerable. Also, using long acting contraceptive methods can prevent unwanted pregnancies among people who use them inconsistently and incorrectly.

Because of rapid sharing of information internet is an important repository. There are\nmillions of websites. It is impossible to remember all of them during the access time. So we\nadopt a network analysis method by which we can retrieve similar category of websites. To\nget the above result we cluster the websites. Website clustering can contribute to spam\nwebsite, pornographic website and political sensitive website detection. So it can be applied\nto websites supervision.

In the age of Ilkhanids, architecture and urbanization of Tabriz also grew in its developmental path, as well as other fields. In this age Tabriz became the world center of politics and economics. Also in this period Tabriz had considerable developments in terms of urban structure. It is possible to mention to architect Taj Aldin Alishah (known as Memar Taj Aldin Alishah in local language) as one of the greatest architects of the age. Creativity of this architect is indicated in huge and reinforced established buildings. He was a pioneer in building important and official buildings in the Capital of Ilkhanids for thirty years and as a founder and head architect had a great deal of effort to develop city of Sultanieh. Taj Aldin Alishah was head architect (Memar Bashi) in building his own buildings as well as other buildings. It is possible to mention to Shanba Ghazan, Alishah Mosque set, city of Sultanieh, and other charity and religious buildings as his architectural masterpieces. This great architect was directly responsible for architecture of Alishah set (Grand mosque, school, hermitage, tomb, bath, and bazaar). In this set, accurate skill of architectural and engineering art is visible. This building as an architectural masterpiece in his age was unique in terms of aesthetics and it is obvious that the great structure of Alishah mosque was considered as the greatest religious set of Islamic world based on these indexes.

A novel method was introduced to synthesize biocompatible carbon-encapsulated magnetic iron nanoparticles, in which starch both functioned as precursor and as stabilizer for iron nanoparticles. The structure, size distribution, phase composition, magnetic properties and oxidation resistance of the as-obtained particles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry and differential scanning calorimetry. Results show that the carbon-coated iron nanoparticles are spherical particles with a diameter of 20-40 nm feature well-constructed core/shell structures with an iron core inside and an onion skin carbon layer outside, carbon layers can protect inner iron core from been oxidized, the hysteresis curves show that with the increase of iron content the saturation magnetization, remanence magnetization andintrinsic coercive force increasing. While the ratio of remanence to saturation magnetization (Mr/Ms)of all the sample less than 0.25, implying that they are super-paramagnetic at room temperature.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of utilizing the multi-assessment strategy through a constructivist learning atmosphere with regard to perceptions of the prospective teachers. The participants were 98 third year (junior) prospective teachers attending to classroom management course in a public university in Turkey. Action research methodology and mixed method were utilized to collect data in this study. The results showed that classroom management field was acknowledged very positively by the most of the prospective teachers. The authentic activities utilized during the authentic instructions were positively recognized, although they admitted that all process was tiring and took long time. Although open ended questions yielded both positive and negative aspects, utilizing multi-assessment strategy was indicated mostly by the participants as highly effective. Findings indicated that employing constructivist assessment in teacher education may yield positive impacts especially when doing it learning by doing.

The life cycle assessment of Autoliv´s night vision camera shows higher global warming from use phase. This is because of energy use for the functioning of camera. The other major contribution of global warming is from transportation phase. This includes transportation of camera for installation and materials transportation for manufacturing of components. In this paper the transportation phase is discussed. If manufacturing of some components are transferred from America to Europe and camera is assembled in Europe instead of United States, the global warming percentage from transportation phase has been reduced from 17% to 7%.The material in camera that can be replaced/reduced for the environmental reasons is also discussed . Zinc and ceramic are found to be toxic from an environmental point of view. Finally, the environmental results by using electronic safety components and mechanical safety components in a vehicle are analyzed in this paper. The Mechanical safety components have more impacts than electronic components. But it depends upon choice of impact categories e.g. choosing global warming, eutrophication and eco toxicity, mechanical components have more impacts while with human toxicity and acidification, it is vice versa.