Doubtless one of the heaviest penalties in legal system of every country is executionthat in the proven and\nexecuting stage there should be some conditions to consider it as nemesis in order to decree death penalty for the\nmurder. Having all these conditions sometimes conditions arise that are considered as barrier to execution.\nAccording to the nature of these factors, they are divided into different types such as research and applying barriers\nor temporary and permanent barriers, and also conditions that depend on some conditions in killer and victim. One\nof the main purposes of criminal law is supplying order and security in the society that causes criminal and human\njustice. Criminal law should be written so that not to provide the conditions of misuse from criminal laws. Criminal\nlaws represent the ability of government in establishing social order and security. Therefore, when an action is\nrecognized as crime on the behalf of the legislator and penalty is considered thereof, it represent the fact that it is an\naction of violating social security and justice. The researcher in this study analyzed the most important barriers for\nnemesis in Iran’s criminal law. Iran’s criminal laws are derived from Shiite jurisprudence in regulating human\nright and social public goods, but unfortunately by appointing vague, abstract and incomplete laws, not only it\nfail to reach the target, but also using these laws it provide the possibility of misusing law for computation of\nkiller from death sentence.

Mental constituent, as one of the main cornerstones of deliberate crimes, is interpreted as the criminal\'s\nlatent intention and conduct, where the criminal\'s will is directed towards the prohibited action and the\nrealization of the result which has been considered a crime by the penal lawmaker. It is also considered to be\none of the most important and difficult elements in interpreting a murder as a deliberate or an unintentional by\nthe judiciaries. For the abovementioned reasons, the researcher is interested in studying and analyzing the\nmental constituent in Iranian law. The researcher also tries to define the mental constituent and analyze the\nlegal articles related to it as well. The impediments towards the mental attribution of murder are also studied in this article

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between corporate governance and corporate transparency in the cement industry and basic metals companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Hence, from the various criteria applied in several studies for assessing corporate governance, we select these criteria: board independence, ownership of institutional shareholders, ownership concentration and CEO duality tasks. For measuring the quality of corporate transparency, disclosure quality criteria published by the stock exchange has been used for all companies. We first sorting the collecting data by EXCEL and then by correlation test and simple and multiple regression in SPSS software we analyzes the data. Results indicate a direct significant relationship between the ownership of institutional shareholders and ownership concentration and corporate transparency, and an inverse significant relationship between board independence and CEO duality duties and corporate transparency in these industries.

Anomie can be considered a common point among several views such as; individual disorder and social situations. This paper attempts to investigate the history and concept of anomie, the different types of theories about anomie, kinds of anomie and causes of its creation and ways of its inhibition

The concept of citizenship consisting of rights and duties has been considered in so many theories. T H Marshal belives that over the past two hundred fifty years the evolution of citizenship has been a move towards social equality which includes the triple aspects of civil, political and social rights with all containing commitments.\n\nOn the other hand, some theorists have pointed to the relationship between social capital and civic awareness. Taking into consideration the background variables such as gender, age, income, education etc., this study investigates the relationship between the independent variable \"social capital\" (in two dimensions, trust and dependency) and the dependent variable of “Citizenship awareness\'.\n\nThe study population consisted of young people age 20 to 35 years in Semnan Province in Iran. The sample was a stratified random sample of 385 people. This research survey was conducted using the questionnaire technique in 2012. The main question is what the level of citizenship awareness within this group is and how this could be analysed against the background and independent variable of “social Capital”? \nBased on the findings of this study the the level of awareness of these young people with regards to triple rights citizenship was equal to 40/3 rating (above average of 3 points) and on their awareness on “social capital” was equivalent to 00/2 points (well below average at \"low\"). This indicates a remarkable low awareness within this group.\n\nIn examining the variables, we found that there is significant correlation between the background variables of \"education\", \"gender\", \"age\" and \"income\", the independent variable of \"social capital\" and the dependent variable of \"citizenship awareness”. The higher level of citizen awareness amongst young women in comparison with men in this province shows a gender gap.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between two types of organizational structure (organic or mechanical) and the organizational technology includes four classification; simple, engineering, art and complex technology.\n We have considered Charls Perrow model due to standard questionnaires were used to evaluate organizational structure and types of technology (through formalization, centralization, complexity questionnaires for function structure and analyzing the problem for technology types). At the next step we have used independence test for main and secondary hypothesis in our research by using spss software based on chi-square statistic at 95% confidence level ( = 5%). The results of the statistical analysis indicate the significant relationship between mechanical organizational structure and simple & engineering technology. Also these results indicate the significant relationship between organic organizational structure and art & complex technology. According to these results, the main hypothesis of this research has been proven and we concluded that there is a significant relationship between the amount of benefits of organizational structure and benefits of organizational technology.\n At the end of the research, we have recommended the enhancing of organizational productivity and converting the mechanical structures (with low complexity and high centralization and formalization) to organic organizational structure (with high complexity and low formalization and centralization) in the globalization and joining of Iran to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the extension field of international competition.

Laser induced Coulomb explosion of gold nanoparticles for the breast cancer has been studied by nanophotolysis technique. This method involves irradiation of nanoparticles with nanosecond short laser pulse penetrated into the breast tumor. Various parameters such as tumor depth and cavitations bubble with laser fluence, time duration as well as cluster size have been studied. Results show that the gold nanoparticles of radius 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, and 60 nm penetrate in 1.05cm, 1.08cm, 1.11cb, 1.12cm, 1.13cm, and 1.135 cm deep to the tumor respectively. Short laser pulse of 40 ns with nanoparticle of 10 nm radius penetrates into tumor depth of 0.849 cm. Bubble with a radius of 8.5 micron can effectively kill the breast cancer cells without damaging the healthy ones. The present calculated l results are compared with the experimental findings, and good correlation is found between the present and the experimental values.