α-Amylase is an enzyme that acts as a catalyst for the hydrolysis of alpha-linked polysaccharides into α-anomeric products(1). The enzyme can be derived from a variety of sources, each with different characteristics. α-Amylase found within the human body serves as the enzyme active in pancreatic juice and salvia. α-Amylase is not only essential in human physiology but has a number of important biotechnological functions in various processing industries. the aim of this study is cloning and expression of α-Amylase gene of Human pancreatic amylase (amy2A)in Escherichia coli.to achieve this aim a gene coding for α-Amylase from NCBI was selected and amplified with specific primers and PCR.PCR product was cloned into a bacterial expression vector pET21-a . The recombinant plasmid was used to transform the bacterial expression strain BL21 and expression products were analysed with SDS-PAGE, and Immunoblotting. Based on these results, the bacterial expression system successfully expressed α-Amylase.

Study of clinical biomechanics of injured instrument vertebral column is restricted to qualitative consideration. Recently with helping Finite Element Method studies are done. Quantitative instrument evaluation injured instrument vertebral column have got new shape. At most of the biomechanical studies are done on the evaluation stability of implants and vertebral column (instrument), so for determining any stress distribution, in this research five pieces of posterior spinal implants system evaluated maximum von mises stress with using Finite Element Method and ANSYS software which including: Cotrel Dubousset Horizon, pedicular screw, made of titanium, pedicular screw, made of stainless steel, Cotrel Dubousset Horizon, laminar hook, pedicular hook, device for transvers traction, DTT hook and connecting rod, that all of them were made from titanium, in conditions without vertebra and in all loading conditions similar to biomechanics loading include: axial compression, flexion, lateral bending and axial rotation. In this research, quasi static safety factor of fixation devices determined between 3 to 6, so results of this study show that maximum Von Mises stress, at all loading conditions happen on the neck of the pedicular screws, in the blade of the hook and in the middle of the rod.

Wintering population status of the globally threatened Great Bustard Otis tarda is not well-understood in Iran. In current survey we investigated population status of Great Bustard in Mokryan region Northwest Iran from 2008 to 2010. This area is the most important habitat for this species in the country and includes three separate breeding and wintering grounds; Sootav, Qazlian and Yengija-Albolaq. Population assessment was based on regular monitoring in the wintering areas. In Sootav, maximum number of Great Bustards were observed in January 2009 (35 birds) and in Qazlian plain the highest number of birds were recorded in March 2010 (22 birds). The third habitat also supports the same number of Great Bustards in January. Results suggested that this areas Great Bustards don’t leave the breeding grounds and are resident to Mokryan region. Some measures are discussed for effective conservation of this species in the area.

The head is the most vulnerable part of the body during crash situations and is often involved in life-threatening injuries. The main purpose of the present work is to build and validate a numerical model of human head in order to evaluate pressure and stress distributions in bones and brain tissues due to impact. Furthermore, the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and the recently proposed Head Impact Power (HIP) criterion were evaluated with respect to the relative motion between the skull and the brain. It was found that the influence of impact direction had a substantial effect on the intracranial response. Geometrical characteristics for the finite element model have been extracted from CT and MRI scanner images, while material mechanical characteristics have been taken from literature. The analysis is performed using the program Ansys 3D to evaluate the risk of head injury in impact. The model is validated by comparing the numerical results and the experimental results obtained by Nahum in 1977.

Abstract Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of death or permanent invalidity which can occur unexpectedly in both military and civilian populations. The purpose of this effort is to conduct a combined Eulerian-Lagrangian non-linear dynamics computational analysis of the interaction between a single planar blast wave and a human head in order to assess the extent of intra-cranial shock wave generation and its potential for causing traumatic brain injury. The finite element (FE) modelling is a powerful tool for investigating the physical process producing head trauma, and a well validated model would, thus, be a valuable tool to aid in injury diagnosis and design of protective devices. In this paper, an Ansys three dimensional transient modal dynamic finite element analysis was performed of a simplified brain model surrounded by cerebral spinal fluid and skull. Viscoelastic material parameters of the brain tissue were obtained from open literature. The localized response parameters predicted by the head model will be analysed and compared between various loading conditions.

Today, context-aware systems are discussed as one of the key subjects in ubiquitous computing systems. In this area, researchers have been trying to find some techniques for context information modelling. So that attaining general and efficient model for managing, storing and retrieving data and contextual information becomes possible. In this regard and in order to achieving this goal, several methods have been proposed in literature. In our research and in this paper, object-based models and ontology-based models are introduced as two most famous models for modelling the context information along with some novel approaches that are based on The two mentioned models Our study introduces the key requirements of effective context-aware model and goes further to benchmark the models in question against those set of requirements.

In today’s world, complex global business environment is in a state of continuous change. Therefore, business organizations are looking for an innovative way to optimize and to support the performance of their business processes to meet out their market share in order to maintain a competitive edge. Usually, business processes are monitored in near real-time using Key Performance Indicators (KPI). KPI is in turn calculated from metrics from business processes. In the case of business outsourcing, the KPI calculation from the metrics of business process is to be carried out cutting across the inter-organizations boundaries and spanning multiple domains. This process poses several challenges in the computation of the KPIs. Some of these challenges include uncertainty in metric values, just-in-time KPI computation and scalability. To address the above challenges of business organizations, a four-tier Complex business Activity Monitoring system with Event Processing (CAMEP) is proposed. The performance evaluation of the proposed system is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CAMEP method by comparing with the existing BAM approaches. The proposed CAMEP is also analysed using the ANOVA and T test.