Abstract. – OBJECTIVES: The cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin limits its clinical use in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors and malignant hematologic disease. Although the mechanism by which it causes cardiac injury is not yet known, apoptosis has been regarded as one of mechanisms underlying the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin. In the present study, we investigates the mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by NF-κB dependant PUMA upregulation.\nMATEERIALS AND METHODS: H9c2 cardiac myocytes was treated with 5-50uM concentration of doxorubicin for 72 hours. p65 siRNA or PUMA siRNA was transfected into H9c2 cardiac myocytes ,then treated with 50 uM doxorubicin for 72 hours. Apoptotic cells were detected using Flow cytometric analysis. MTT cytotoxicity test was used to detect the effect of doxorubicin on H9c2 cardiac myocytes.PUMA expression was detected by western blot assay. NF-kappaB binding activities was detected using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). \nRESULTS: Doxorubicin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in H9c2 cardiac myocytes in a dose and time-dependent way.Doxorubicin treatment increased NF-kappaB binding activities and PUMA expression. Inhibition of p65 by p65 siRNA decreased PUMA expression of doxorubicin-induced.Furthermore, p65 siRNA or PUMA siRNA-mediated suppression of p65 or PUMA results in inhibition of apoptosis of doxorubicin-induced. \nCONCLUSIONS: It is demonstrated that PUMA is a direct target of NF-κB and mediates doxorubicin -induced apoptosis in vitro .

Abstract. – OBJECTIVES: The cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin limits its clinical use in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors and malignant hematologic disease. Although the mechanism by which it causes cardiac injury is not yet known, apoptosis has been regarded as one of mechanisms underlying the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin. In the present study, we investigates the mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by NF-κB dependant PUMA upregulation.\nMATEERIALS AND METHODS: H9c2 cardiac myocytes was treated with 5-50uM concentration of doxorubicin for 72 hours. p65 siRNA or PUMA siRNA was transfected into H9c2 cardiac myocytes ,then treated with 50 uM doxorubicin for 72 hours. Apoptotic cells were detected using Flow cytometric analysis. MTT cytotoxicity test was used to detect the effect of doxorubicin on H9c2 cardiac myocytes.PUMA expression was detected by western blot assay. NF-kappaB binding activities was detected using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). \nRESULTS: Doxorubicin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in H9c2 cardiac myocytes in a dose and time-dependent way.Doxorubicin treatment increased NF-kappaB binding activities and PUMA expression. Inhibition of p65 by p65 siRNA decreased PUMA expression of doxorubicin-induced.Furthermore, p65 siRNA or PUMA siRNA-mediated suppression of p65 or PUMA results in inhibition of apoptosis of doxorubicin-induced. \nCONCLUSIONS: It is demonstrated that PUMA is a direct target of NF-κB and mediates doxorubicin -induced apoptosis in vitro .

Regarding the importance of the application of Information Technology and databases in learning promotion and academic success of students, the question being raised in current study is that what factors affect the application of databases by students. This is an applied research of descriptive kind. Since the author is seeking for identification of the relationship between these factors and use of Information Technology, this research is a correlation type. Data collection was performed by field studies and questionnaires. Formal validity showed validity of the questionnaire and reliability of measurement tools was proved by Chronbach Alpha coefficient in order to determine validity coefficient. The value for Chronbach Alpha calculated for current research was 0.951. Statistical community includes all students at Payam-e-Noor University of Mashhad, the number of whom is 517 according to a list provided by the university authorities. Based on sampling formula, the sample size is 200 people. Sampling method is hierarchical random. For hypothesis testing, regression analysis test and parametric t-tests and variance analysis were used. Finally, the results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship among the degree of application of databases by students, their skills and economic and technical factors. But there is no significant relationship between economic and environmental factors and application of information technology.

In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Cluster Head Selection is considered a gigantic challenge. In wireless sensor network LEACH protocol can be used to select cluster head on the bases of energy, but it’s still a dispute and required efficient when WSN becomes more scalable and divided into number of clusters. In this paper we proposed an A Probabilistic Approach for Efficient Cluster Head Selection in Sensor Network, for selection the cluster head efficiently in WSN. The proposed (PAECHS) algorithm is continuity of our previously work X-AODV, We evaluate our proposed algorithm through simulation in OMNet++ as well as on test bed; we experience the result according to our assumption. For further evaluation we also compare our proposed protocol X-AODV with several other protocols like LEACH, LEACH-C and consequences shows perfection.

Abstract:\nPersian Gulf region during the last decades of the new century, the most important region of the world and will continue to play an important role in international politics. There are many reasons for the importance of the Persian Gulf. First, the global oil and gas reserves in the Persian Gulf littoral states and lies and concentrates. In the new century provide.\nIn other words, the horizon of the world needs oil rich Persian Gulf region, there is another Enough energy to power industrial countries, especially the developing or developed in the U.S., Europe, Japan, China, Korea, and the Indian subcontinent to meet the new century. It is important to measure the effect of events such as wars, revolutions and rebellions, the area of oil and gas will continue to fail. Pressure on the consumer countries in the energy level of the international will to Persian Gulf the scene in such a compilation and in the framework of the carrier to the production energy sides and disorder entered serious basic interests to not damage their little not to enter \nIran is located at the center of strategic energy ellipse Middle East geopolitical areas and especially those versed in the political geography of the north side of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Oceanic Influence on India\'s fundamental role in the geopolitical strategies of international interaction Iran has brought. No doubt balance in the Persian Gulf is so broad in scope impacts the area in any structure a new geopolitical levels international vibrations may cause.

Hence, from the various criteria applied in several studies for assessing corporate governance, we select these criteria: board independence, ownership of institutional shareholders, ownership concentration and CEO duality tasks. For measuring the quality of corporate transparency, disclosure quality criteria published by the stock exchange has been used for all companies. We first sorting the collecting data by EXCEL and then by correlation test and simple and multiple regression in SPSS software we analyzes the data. Results indicate a direct significant relationship between the ownership of institutional shareholders and ownership concentration and corporate transparency, and an inverse significant relationship between board independence and CEO duality duties and corporate transparency in these industries.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of technical vocabulary & general vocabulary to ESP reading comprehension. In this study 2 groups of BA students were selected majoring English translation and Nursing fields of study. These students were divided into two equal groups. Both groups received a first test including 60 multiple choice items, 30 general vocabulary items from a TOEFL test and 30 technical vocabulary items in nursing sciences to make sure that the students in English translation had better general vocabulary & students in nursing sciences had better technical vocabulary, and a second test including 30 ESP reading comprehension items from MA entrance examination of universities to capture the probable differences between the effect of technical vocabulary & general vocabulary to ESP reading comprehension. Then, with the help of T.Test the data were computed. The result rejected the null hypothesis and indicated that the difficulties which ESP students encounter in their reading comprehension arise not so much from lack of technical vocabulary knowledge but from lack of general vocabulary knowledge. The findings of the present study can have theoretical as well as pedagogical implications for teachers, students, and syllabus designers.

This paper aims at improving quantitative measures of emphysema in computed tomography images of lungs. Pulmonary Emphysema is a chronic obstructive lung disease which is characterized by limitation of air flow. Detection and Quantification of emphysema is important, since it is the main cause of shortness of breath and disability in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Current standard measures like Relative Area method rely on a single intensity threshold on individual pixels, ignoring any interrelations between pixels. HRCT is a sensitive method for diagnosing emphysema, assessing its severity, and determining its subtype. In this project texture based classification system is used. A study is \nperformed by choosing Local binary Pattern (LBP) as texture feature and classification is performed using KNN classifier. Classification accuracy and quantification shows that KNN classifier performs better when LBP is used as texture feature in determining Pulmonary Emphysema.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are susceptible to various attacks as they are placed in hostile environments. Several security and authentication mechanisms are proposed for in terms of key exchange mechanisms, handshake protocols, and other routing protocols. The proposed triple key based broadcast authentication protocol is compared with the several other existing security schemes in WSN. The proposed triple key based broadcast authentication scheme works upon TESLA (Timed Efficient Stream Loss-tolerant Authentication) protocol and ECDH (Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman) key agreement scheme. The proposed WSN authentication performs better compared to other security schemes, in terms of accuracy, detection of attacks, resiliency, memory consumption, nodal detection, and average of total transmission energy consumed per node.

Trail and punishment of the head of states that commit international crimes were faced with many impairs\nand problems. Among these, the most important legal impair is criminal immunity. The history has shown that these\naccused have generally had s sufficient immunity and not ever s submit to justice. Nullification of the criminal\nimmunity of the head of states is necessary because of matters including public international order, international\npeace and security, domestic international order, prevention of non-punishment of the criminals and deterrence so\nthat prevent of non-punishment of the criminals. Effective implementation of prosecution and trail of the head of the\nstates and nullification of their immunity deals with some impairs, constrains, costs and challenges. Among these\nimpairs are the non-existence of necessary and suitable statutes, non-willing of states and marshaling evidence.\nThese impairs should be identified and rectifies by states. This paper is designed in two parts. The first one deals\nwith necessities of nullification of the criminal immunity and the second part analysis the impairs and constrains of\npunishment of the head of states.