Abstract
The current exploration on the manganese (Mn) transfer from soil to plant as well as to animal (rams) in the
form of sampling periods in 2008-2009 was carried out at the Livestock Experimental Station Sargodha,
Pakistan. The samples of forage, soil and blood plasma were assembled during the four months of the year
after one month interval and Mn concentrations were determined after wet digestion using atomic absorption
spectrophotometer. The results showed that Mn soil concentrations ranged from 48.28 to 59.44 mg kg-1 with
incoherent augment and decline across various sampling periods and effect of sampling period on soil Mn
was also found to be momentous. Mean values of Mn in soil appeared higher than the critical value and
sufficient for the requirement of forage crops. Forage Mn concentrations ranged from 24.8 to 37.2 mg kg-1,
with incoherent trends of fluctuation at different sampling intervals. All the Mn values of forage were
deficient based on the requirement allowance of Mn for livestock grazing therein with almost unchanged
forage Mn concentration during this research. Mean Mn values in blood plasma varied from 0.066 to 0.089
mg L-1 with consistent increase from sampling period 2 to period 4 and effect of sampling periods on plasma
Mn was found to be highly noteworthy. Mn concentrations in blood plasma of rams were lesser than the
normal level suggesting reasonable need of supplementation. The study performed revealed the role of
manganese availability in soil and plant-species amassing capability on the transport of manganese in the soilplant-
animal system. Results obtained indicated much higher accumulation rate at the sampling period one by
vegetation dominated by legumes in comparison to grasses, crop residues and mixed pasture collected at other
periods and a pronounced seasonal supply of manganese at the four sampling period of grazing land of
diverse botanical composition.

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the concentration of certain minerals in soil and forages,
and plasma of lactating and non-lactating buffaloes in the district jhang Punjab Pakistan. Soil and
forage samples were collected at varying distances 5m, 10m, 15m, and 20m from the road side to
assess pollution. The mean soil As, Se and Cd (in full when used for first time) concentrations
were lower while Cr, Fe, Zn, Cu and Co were higher than official guidelines. In forage the mean
values of As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Zn and Cu were lower while Se and Co were higher than official
guidelines. In plasma mean values of Co, Zn, Fe, Cd, Se and As were lower while Cu and Cr
were higher than recommended concentrations. These results show that there is no potential
exposure of toxicity in Buffalo in Punjab Pakistan.

Strategic management is one of the most important subjects of today management. According to rapid changes of today environment and the fact that organizational decisions are becoming more and more complex, the need for use of a thorough and comprehensive plan to deal with such concerns, is more tangible of any time before. Present study aims at evaluating the contexts of strategic management in West Azerbaijan province offices of sport and youth. The samples of the study are 47 managers and their assistants of W. Azerbaijan youth and sport offices. The tool for collecting data is a standard questionnaire which is made by Vic Gilgeous (strategic concerns and capability impeders). The questionnaire validity is determined by some of management experts, and the reliability koronbachs α value is acceptable (α = 0.81). The method with which the study is done is descriptive and analytic. For data analyzing we use some parameters of descriptive and inferential statistics such as standard deviation, mean, frequency and some other like one sample t-test. The findings show that the degree of implementation of the culture, information and organization structure contexts of strategic management in the offices of youth and sport of w. Azerbaijan, are not in an appropriate conditions (p < 0.05). We can conclude (according to the results of the study), that the culture, information and organization structure contexts of strategic management in w. Azerbaijan offices of youth and sport, are significantly different with the society\'s; and these contexts need to be more improved and strengthened.

Abstract
The long time use of opium has some effects on serums biochemical factors, the determination of this variation is a new approach in understanding off addiction and relive of drug abuser health. So in this study these indicators in person who were withdrawing of opium have been studied.
Materials and methods
In this cross sectional study bloods biochemical factors such as FBS, Na, Ca , UA, BUN, Creatinine, cholesterol, total protein and fibrinogen in three groups serum were studied:1] Who had been permanent opium users more than two years [case]. [2] Dependent person who have taken a one month addiction withdrawal course [control]. 3] A healthy group that had been demographically similar to the other groups.
Results
According to this study findings, FBS serum level in case group is lower than control group. Serum level of Na, Creatinine, blood Triglyceride in case study are higher than group control. Concentration of Potassium, Calcium, Uric acid, BUN, Cholesterol, total serum protein, fibrinogen and thrombin time in case study and group control showed no significant difference. Also, in withdrawing case serum level of Na, Ca, UA, BUN, Creatinine, and Triglyceride significantly increase and Thrombin time decrease.
Conclusion
According to this study not only the longtime use of opium but also opium withdrawer in opium dependant people can change their serum biochemical factors. So recognition, treatment and prevention of these change could be a new step in improve of health and condition of patients

In this dynamic scenario the communication no longer happens in predetermined manner. The network as a platform for communication comes with high infrastructure may likely to waste the resources. Thus, the ad hoc scenario networks came into existence. This network functionality has been enhanced through clustering mechanism. These clusters need to be perfect to sustain the efficient functionality of the network. Thus, this paper proposes F-PAC as a fuzzy logic based cluster validation technique to authenticate the cluster head identified by the W-PAC mechanism. This study has been shown using OMNET++ as simulator.

Flavonoids constitute a large class of polyphenols found in plants. Among flavonoids, Flavonols are the most abundant and widely distributed in nature. Flavonols are widely distributed in plants and are present in considerable amounts in fruits and vegetables. Flavonols show a wide range of biological activities. In the present study the binding affinity of flavonols against the drug target Malonyl Coenzyme A was calculated by performing the docking experiment by using FlexX. The analysis showed that flavonols has high potentiality to inhibit the drug target Malonyl Coenzyme A. The docking studies also showed greater affinity of all the compounds towards the active site of Malonyl Coenzyme A with a docking score of -29.2358 with Morin, -29.0486 with Kaempferol, -28.3885 with Fisetin, -27.5950 with Quercetin, -27.5303 with Isorhamnetin, -25.7692 with Myricetin, -24.9174 with 3-OH-flavone and -23.5732 with Tamarixetin. The study reveals the probable mode of cardioprotective activity of these flavonols by inhibiting Malonyl Coenzyme A.

Objectives: To evaluate the comparative antimalarial effects of three plants, Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth., Cissampelos pareira L. and Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook.f. & Thoms from different parts of Himachal Pradesh (India).
Methods: Screening of plant extracts for their antimalarial activity was carried out following Peter\'s 4-day test. This test was followed to evaluate the blood schizontocidal action against P. berghei. Plant extracts were prepared from roots of Cissampelos pareira L., Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth and stem of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.)Hook.f. & Thoms. The extract was given in concentration of 500 mg/ kg body weight per dose per day to the experimental animals. These extracts were given to the mice in aqueous medium daily from day 0 to day 3 by oral route. A control group of mice received chloroquine at 4 mg/ kg standard antimalarial. Untreated control group was given only plain water. Plasmodium berghei (NK-65), a rodent malaria parasite, was maintained in white Swiss mice, Mus musculus (BALB/c).
Results: These three plants have shown antimalarial effects. In the group of mice which were treated with extract Picrorhiza kurrooa showed mean parasitaemia of 4.36 ± 2.25 and percent of infection ranged between 1.9% to 6.9%. Mice which were treated with extract of Cissampelos pareira L. mean parasitaemia was 11.64 ± 4.20 and percent infection ranged between 6.28% to 16.06% on day 4 while those treated with Tinospora cordifolia showed mean parasitaemia of 13.90 ± 2.25 with parasitaemia ranging between 10.42% to 16.44%.
Conclusions: The present study clearly establishes antimalarial impacts of these plants and revealed that P. kurrooa have maximum antimalarial properties followed by Cissampelas praeiraare and Tinospora cordifolia.